DOGS, PUPPIES, NAMES, BREEDS, TRAINING AND GROOMING

alphabetical list of dog breeds

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Affenpinscher
Afghan Hound
Airedale Terrier
Akita
Alaskan Malamute
American Eskimo Dog
American Foxhound
American Staffordshire Terrier
American Water Spaniel
Anatolian Shepherd Dog
Aussiedoodle
Australian Cattle Dog
Australian Shepherd
Australian Terrier
Bagel
Basenji
Basset Hound
Beagalier
Beagle
Bearded Collie
Beauceron
Bedlington Terrier
Belgian Malinois
Belgian Sheepdog
Belgian Tervuren
Bernese Mountain Dog
Bichon Frise
Black and Tan Coonhound
Black Russian Terrier
Bloodhound
Borador
Border Collie
Border Shepherd
Border Terrier
Borzoi
Boston Terrier
Bouvier des Flandres
Boxer
Briard
Brittany
Brussels Griffon
Bull Terrier
Bulldog
Bullmastiff
Cairn Terrier
Canaan Dog
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Cavachon
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Chihuahua
Chinese Crested
Chinese Shar-Pei
Chow Chow
Clumber Spaniel
Cockapoo
Cocker Spaniel
Collie (rough and smooth)
Curly-Coated Retriever
Dachshund
Dalmatian
Dandie Dinmont Terrier
Doberman Pinscher
Dogue de Bordeaux
English Cocker Spaniel
English Foxhound
English Setter
English Springer Spaniel
English Toy Spaniel
Field Spaniel
Finnish Spitz
Flat-Coated Retriever
French Bulldog
German Pinscher
German Shepherd Dog
German Shorthaired Pointer
German Wirehaired Pointer
Giant Schnauzer
Glen of Imaal Terrier
Goldador
Golden Retriever
Goldendoodle
Gordon Setter
Great Dane
Great Pyrenees
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
Greyhound
Harrier
Havanese
Ibizan Hound
Irish Red and White Setter
Irish Setter
Irish Terrier
Irish Water Spaniel
Irish Wolfhound
Italian Greyhound
Vizsla
Japanese Chin
Keeshond
Kerry Blue Terrier
Komondor
Kuvasz
Labradoodle
Labrador Retriever
Lakeland Terrier
Lhasa Apso
Lowchen
Maltipoo
Maltese
Maltese Shih Tzu
Manchester Terrier (Standard)
Mastiff
Miniature Bull Terrier
Miniature Pinscher
Miniature Schnauzer
Neapolitan Mastiff
Newfoundland
Newfoundland
Norfolk Terrier
Norwegian Buhund
Norwegian Elkhound
Norwich Terrier
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Old English Sheepdog
Otterhound
Papillon
Parson Russell Terrier
Pekingese
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
Pharaoh Hound
Plott
Pointer
Polish Lowland Sheepdog
Pomeranian
Poodle (Standard and Miniature)
Portuguese Water Dog
Pug
Puggle
Puli
Pyrenean Shepherd
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Rottweiler
Saint Bernard
Saluki
Samoyed
Schipperke
Schnoodle
Scottish Deerhound
Scottish Terrier
Sealyham Terrier
Shepadoodle
Shetland Sheepdog
Shiba Inu
Shih Tzu
Shihchon
Siberian Husky
Silky Terrier
Skye Terrier
Smooth Fox Terrier
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
Spinone Italiano
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Standard Schnauzer
Sussex Spaniel
Swedish Vallhund
Tibetan Mastiff
Tibetan Spaniel
Tibetan Terrier
Toy Fox Terrier
Vizsla
Weimaraner
Welsh Springer Spaniel
Welsh Terrier
West Highland White Terrier
Whippet
Wire Fox Terrier
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
Yorkiepoo
Yorkshire Terrier

akc dog breeds

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Herding Group

To see a Herding dog in action is to see something quite amazing. Whether by staring, nipping, stalking, circling, or barking, Herding breeds have an incredible ability to control the movement of other animals. The work requires great endurance, with constant running and patrolling to keep herds or flocks together. These breeds are highly intelligent and able to work with a shepherd or rancher to follow commands, but they are also perfectly capable of thinking on their own when necessary. Created in 1983, the Herding Group is the newest AKC classification, made up of breeds that were formerly members of the Working Group. Although the group is diverse, the breeds are known for their stamina and obedience, and are able to follow the signals of their master and execute them with great skill.

The job of herder should not be taken lightly; some farmers use one dog to herd more than a thousand animals at a time! Consider the diminutive Cardigan Welsh Corgi: At about a foot tall, this remarkable dog can drive an entire herd of cows to their destination. Never losing sight of the job at hand, a Corgi runs circles around a herd, moving cows together and collecting strays that may escape from the group. The Shetland Sheepdog, only slightly larger than the Corgi, was bred down to its current small size to better control the smaller livestock common to the rugged Shetland Islands of the British Isles. The dogs were hardy enough to endure the harsh climate and smart enough to even be left in charge of the animals when the farmers weren’t around. Today most Herding dogs live as household pets, with little or no contact with farm animals. With or without livestock, these dogs are still instinctual herders and will herd whoever and whatever they can, including other dogs and children. Herding breeds need socialization and close contact with humans, and they should have access to both home and yard. Members of the Herding Group are described as follows:

- Loyal
- Energetic
- Smart
- Territorial
- Inclined to chase

Herding dogs are happiest when they have a job to do. People who live with herders find that exercise, training, and activities such as agility, and obedience activities and training provide an outlet for all the energy they possess. Because they are alert and protective, Herding breeds are capable watchdogs in the home. Some, such as the German Shepherd and Malinois, are excellent police and military dogs and are used in search-and-rescue efforts.

Australian Cattle Dog
Australian Shepherd
Bearded Collie
Beauceron
Belgian Malinois
Belgian Sheepdog
Belgian Tervuren
Border Collie
Bouvier des Flandres
Briard
Canaan Dog
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Collie (rough and smooth)
German Shepherd Dog
Norwegian Buhund
Old English Sheepdog
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Polish Lowland Sheepdog
Puli
Pyrenean Shepherd
Shetland Sheepdog
Swedish Vallhund

Hound Group

Hound temperaments vary as widely as looks. Although all are wired to hunt, most are happy to hit the couch or curl up at your feet at the end of the day. The desert Hounds such as the Saluki and Pharaoh tend to be aloof and less demonstrative. Feisty dogs in small packages, the Dachshund and Basenjis, are confident, bold, and often described as Terrier-like. Friendly are the Beagles, and Coonhounds are known for their sweet and mellow natures. Hunters are an obvious choice for Hound ownership, but plenty of athletic people — runners, hikers, and other sporty types — can give a Hound the outlet he needs for sniffing and chasing. This chase instinct is strong, so all Hounds need leashed outings and secure fencing. Some Hounds, Foxhounds and Beagles among them, produce a unique sound called baying — that chattering howl you may have heard in movies when Hounds are hunting. Be sure you can live with this sound before bringing one of these Hounds into your life.

The Hound Group is divided into two subgroups:

Sighthounds: Also called Gazehounds, these Hounds are some of the fastest breeds around, bred to spot and chase prey. The Sighthounds, which tend to be sleeker than their Scenthound cousins, include the Afghan, Basenji, Borzoi, Greyhound, Ibizan, Irish Wolfhound, Pharaoh, Saluki, Scottish Deerhound, and Whippet. Today’s Sighthounds are rarely used for hunting; most, however, excel at lure coursing, running with their human partners, or competing on racetracks. The typical Sighthound is quiet, aloof, and calm.

Scenthounds: Whether they’re tracking scent in the air or on the ground, Scenthounds are driven by the need to sniff down prey. These dogs typically are solidly built and include the Basset, Beagle, Black and Tan Coonhound, Bloodhound, Dachshund, American and English Foxhounds, Harrier, Norwegian Elkhounds (though of the Spitz family), Otterhound, Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, Plott, and Redbone Coonhound. This group tends to be social; dogs often work in packs and live and play together. The group’s sociable nature has helped earn the Scenthounds a reputation for being amiable and adaptable companions. With both talented nose and eyes, the Rhodesian Ridgeback fits into the Sighthound and Scenthound groups.

Afghan Hound
American Foxhound
Basenji
Basset Hound
Beagle
Black and Tan Coonhound
Dachshund
English Foxhound
Greyhound
Harrier
Ibizan Hound
Irish Wolfhound
Norwegian Elkhound
Otterhound
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen
Pharaoh Hound
Plott
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Saluki
Scottish Deerhound
Whippet

Mixed Breeds

What is a mixed breed? A mutt? A devoted companion? A Cockapoo? How about a Chiweenie?
The answer to all these questions is yes. Although mixed breeds sometimes get an undeserved bad rap from the more snooty purists, these types of pooches have legions of devoted fans and are becoming increasingly popular, no doubt because of the relatively recent trend of so-called “designer dogs,” such as Goldendoodles, Puggles, and Schnoodles.

Mixed breeds are nothing new. From the dawn of canine history, intact male and female dogs have met and, during the heat of the moment, started something new. The results of these couplings come in a rainbow of colors, weigh from 5 to 95 pounds, and have coats that are wiry or silky, long or short, straight or curly. But what they do have in common is their uniqueness — no two are alike.

Mixed breeds taken to the next level are called designer dogs, combinations of two purebred dogs. These pups are purposely crossed (no random unions, thank you) to create a specific appearance and temperament. The idea of designer mixes took off in the 1990s, thanks to a crossbred pioneer called the Labradoodle, a mix of Labrador Retriever and Poodle. Once an accessory of celebrities, today’s crossbreeds are often sought after by people with deep pockets who are looking for small, agreeable, or low-allergy versions of purebreds.

This chapter tells the story of mixed breeds, from Heinz 57 to designer, including the famed Labradoodle. Though trendy today, designers are not without controversy, so their pros and cons are both considered. Because all mixes — intentional and unintentional — combine the characteristics of the parent breeds, this chapter covers the general characteristics of the various dog groups and gives profiles of 17 mixed breeds and designer dogs.

The mixed breeds are a diverse lot — mutts and designers, companions and competitors. By definition, a mixed breed is a dog conceived by two different purebreds or mixed breeds (or a purebred and a mixed breed). Because the terminology is important and can seem confusing, some additional definitions may be in order:

- Purebred: Dog with ancestors who are members of a recognized breed; the ancestry of a dog remains consistent over many generations.
- Crossbred: Dog who is the offspring of two different purebred dogs of different breeds. The Cockapoo, a cross between a Poodle and a Cocker Spaniel, is a well-known crossbreed.
- Hybrid: Although the word hybrid technically refers to the result of crossing animals of two different species (horse and zebra, for example), it is generally accepted to use the term interchangeably with crossbred.
- Designer dog: The name associated with crossbred dogs deliberately developed, most during the last few decades (see this chapter’s “Delving into Designer Dogs” for more information).

Some mixed breeds may be more mixed than others. In fact, a mix may have some purebred ancestors in its lineage; other mixes come from a long line of mixed breeds. In many cases, a mix’s ancestors are vague, at best, and some are simply identified by the most recognizable breed of the mix — “Shepherd mix,” “Beagle mix,” or “Lab mix,” to name a few.

Aussiedoodle
Bagel
Beagalier
Borador
Border Shepherd
Cavachon
Cockapoo
Goldador
Goldendoodle
Labradoodle
Maltipoo
Maltese Shih Tzu
Puggle
Schnoodle
Shepadoodle
Shihchon
Yorkiepoo

Non-Sporting Group

Okay, so what’s the deal with the Non-Sporting Group? Is it truly a group made up of non-sporting types, or is it a catchall category of groupless pooches?

In truth, the answer may be a bit of both. The Non-Sporting Group was created back in the early days of dog shows, when all the other breeds were neatly classified in the Sporting Group. Now that we have several other groups to choose from, each of these Non-Sporting breeds could probably fit — or almost fit — into another group. But what’s done is done, and there they remain.

Members of this group are wonderfully diverse, with great variety in appearance, size, temperament, and conformation. The group’s 17 breeds have backgrounds that can be traced to retrievers, mastiffs, spaniels, Nordic dogs, and more. As far as origins go, the breeds came from all over the globe — the Shiba Inu from Japan, the Tibetan Spaniel from the Himalayas of Tibet, the Keeshond from the Netherlands, and the Boston Terrier from, well, Boston.

These days most of the Non-Sporting breeds dedicate themselves to careers as devoted companions, but going back to their roots, these dogs were workers of all types: ratters, guard dogs, retrievers, performers, fighters, hunters, carriage dogs, herders. Two were lapdogs extraordinaire (a cushy job, for sure), and one was even a “good luck” companion.

Because they come from such different stock and were developed for such different purposes, the breeds in the Non-Sporting Group are quite distinct in appearance and character. Talk about a smorgasbord of personalities, not to mention a cornucopia of ears, tails, and coat types!

American Eskimo Dog
Bichon Frise
Boston Terrier
Bulldog
Chinese Shar-Pei
Chow Chow
Dalmatian
Finnish Spitz
French Bulldog
Keeshond
Lhasa Apso
Lowchen
Poodle (Standard and Miniature)
Schipperke
Shiba Inu
Tibetan Spaniel
Tibetan Terrier

Sporting Group

The “sporting” in Sporting Dogs is less about soccer and baseball than it is about hunting. The dogs of the Sporting Group — the Pointers, Setters, Retrievers, and Spaniels — were bred to be active, alert, and athletic hunting companions. Their primary purpose: to search for and retrieve game. For some, this meant flushing small game out of brush; for others, it meant diving into icy waters to retrieve fallen waterfowl. The Sporting breeds are known as the modern hunters of the canine world because they accompanied hunters with guns rather than nets.

Thanks to supermarkets and convenience stores, today’s Sporting dogs are not a critical part of stocking the icebox. If you don’t hunt, you’ll need to divert your Sporting dog’s boundless energy in other directions. Consider jogging, field trials, brisk walks, play sessions, and obedience training as potential hunting alternatives. Because Sporting breeds typically are gentle, enthusiastic, and eager to please, they’re well suited to family life — as long as they get a good dose of strenuous exercise each day. Without it, you risk damage to your backyard and home.

If you’re happy to spend a weekend at home reading a good book or devoting an entire day to your model airplanes, a Sporting dog probably is not the breed for you. If, however, you and your dog can start the day with a good jog and then head out in the afternoon for a short hike, your companion will happily settle down at your feet for an evening of popcorn and the latest movie release. Sporting dogs are real social animals who were bred to enjoy working closely with people. Without their people, these breeds are not happy campers. Ever seen the look in a black Lab’s eyes as he waits for his owner to come out of a store? Dogs such as Spaniels and Retrievers crave interaction with humans and truly appear to suffer if ignored or left alone too long.

The Sporting breeds have long been admired for their instincts and skills in water and woods. This group is divided into four types: Pointers, Retrievers, Setters, and Spaniels. The breeds presented in this chapter are grouped according to these types, each with its own talents and physical characteristics. Pointers, Retrievers, and Setters are large; Spaniels run smaller. Retriever coats range from short to medium, and most Pointers have short hair (some are wiry). The Setters have long hair, and the Spaniels’ coats range from medium to long, some with gorgeous curls. When you’re not out hiking or hunting with your Sporting breed, you may find a fenced yard to be a useful part of satisfying your dog’s need for fresh air and room to explore. Even better, head out there for a game of catch or fetch. You’ll be amazed at how long your dog is capable of playing; Retrievers, in particular, are perfectly happy to fetch sticks, balls, Frisbees, and so forth for you until your arm is numb.

American Water Spaniel
Brittany
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Clumber Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Curly-Coated Retriever
English Cocker Spaniel
English Setter
English Springer Spaniel
Field Spaniel
Flat-Coated Retriever
German Shorthaired Pointer
German Wirehaired Pointer
Golden Retriever
Irish Red and White Setter
Irish Setter
Irish Water Spaniel
Labrador Retriever
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Pointer
Spinone Italiano
Sussex Spaniel
Vizsla
Weimaraner
Welsh Springer Spaniel
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon

Terrierr Group

In name and in spirit, the dogs of the Terrier Group are down to earth. The name terrier is derived from terra, Latin for “earth.” Farmers relied on Terriers to control pests — mice, rats, foxes — in fields and stables. These dogs were developed to pursue and kill vermin, and many did so by digging, or “going to ground,” after their prey. These Terriers had to be energetic, brave, and tenacious. For many Terriers, survival depended on their ability to fend for themselves. During the group’s history, some were bred for sport, to kill rats in pit contests, and later to fight against each other. Fortunately, such activities are no longer legal, but the breeds as a group have retained their original feisty nature.

Today’s Terriers appeal to people who are looking for a lot of dog in a small package. In general, dogs in this group have a good disposition and can become attached to their families. However, Terriers are not for everyone. True, they are engaging, but they require an owner with enough spunk to cope with the Terrier’s distinctive personality. On top of that, a Terrier’s level of high-energy play can be overwhelming to some people. Although they don’t demand a lot of attention, a Terrier is likely to become bored and destructive without activities to challenge the body and mind. One way to fulfill the challenge is to test your dog in Terrier trials. Earthdog tests allow Terriers to test their skills in man-made tunnels and courses. Border, Wire Fox, Lakeland, and Scottish Terriers are just some of the breeds who live for the moment when they’re set loose to pursue some sort of critter scent or caged prey

With their strong prey instinct intact, typical Terriers have little tolerance for other mammals, including other dogs, gerbils, and cats. They are also confident and cocky when challenged, displaying a “You talking to me?” attitude. This is good news for someone looking for a protective breed; even the smallest of the Terriers will bark to alert you to visitors, whether it’s a messenger at the door or a squirrel at the gate.

In general, Terriers are

- Feisty
- Self-assured
- Busy
- Inquisitive
- Bold
- Tenacious
- Dominant

Terriers range greatly in size and shape — the fluffy Westie and the muscular Bull Terriers bear little resemblance, although all have strong jaws to take on prey. The Australian, Border, and Cairn Terriers are on the small side; the Airedale and American Staffordshire are bigger. The vermin-catching Terriers are roughly divided into long-legged and short-legged breeds. Although coats can be smooth or coarse (wiry), medium or long, most Terriers are known for their wiry coats that need to be maintained with a special grooming technique known as stripping.

Airedale Terrier
American Staffordshire Terrier
Australian Terrier
Bedlington Terrier
Bull Terrier
Cairn Terrier
Dandie Dinmont Terrier
Glen of Imaal Terrier
Irish Terrier
Kerry Blue Terrier
Lakeland Terrier
Manchester Terrier (Standard)
Miniature Bull Terrier
Miniature Schnauzer
Norfolk Terrier
Norwich Terrier
Parson Russell Terrier
Scottish Terrier
Sealyham Terrier
Skye Terrier
Smooth Fox Terrier
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Welsh Terrier
West Highland White Terrier
Wire Fox Terrier

Toy Group

Looking for a canine companion that packs a lot of personality into a small package? A pooch that fits in a pocketbook? A dog who’s happy walking around the block rather than over the river and through the woods? A Toy may be just what you need. From the tiny Chihuahua to the perky Papillon, 21 little Toy breeds have a great deal to offer.Although a few started out as rodent hunters, Toys were primarily bred to be companions for the wealthy and as elegant accessories of royalty. In many cases, though not all, the Toy breeds are smaller versions of larger counterparts (the Toy Poodle from the Standard Poodle, say, or the Pug from the Mastiffs). However, the Miniature Pinscher, which does look like a “Mini Me” Doberman Pinscher, was not bred down in size from the Doberman. Because the Toy breeds were developed from so many other groups, it’s impossible to characterize them together. Although Toys are typically mild mannered and sweet, their personalities are quite different. Compare the sensitive nature of the Italian Greyhound, for example, to the fearless Min Pin or the spunky Brussels Griffon. The Toy breeds’ small sizes make them perfect for any lap, but also for any home — even the smallest studio apartment. Toys are very popular with city dwellers, especially people who live in condos or retirement communities that impose size limits on pets. A Toy’s small size also makes it transportable, which means you can pick up and carry your petite pooch with you wherever you go, even on many airlines. Try that with a Labrador Retriever!

Don’t be fooled by the small stature of a Toy, though; many are tougher than you think. Nearly all Toy dogs make decent little watchdogs: They will certainly let you know (by barking, most likely) that a stranger has entered their territory. Top alert breeds include the Affenpinscher, Brussels Griffon, Chihuahua, Toy Manchester Terrier, Min Pin, Pomeranian, and Yorkshire Terrier. Keep in mind, of course, that their greatest strength is probably their bark (as opposed to the implied bite of a German Shepherd, for example). Toys are an ideal choice for many because of their minimal exercise needs. That’s not to say that they should lie around eating canine bon-bons all day. Even the tiniest Toy needs a short daily walk, romp, or play session to stay fit. On the other hand, elderly owners or others who can’t walk their dog every time it needs to go out manage to train their pooch to use puppy pads or a litter box. Toys also require less grooming and vacuuming time in general (smaller dogs, smaller shedding surface).

Older people find great comfort in the affectionate and devoted nature of the Toy breeds. A source of companionship and comfort for the lonely, Toys also do well with the physically challenged. Toys are excellent therapy dogs, and many nursing homes have live-in Toys that provide great joy to residents, who benefit from the endless snuggles.

A Toy breed is likely to cost less to maintain than a large breed (they eat less food). On the other hand, Toy breeds tend to live longer (mid-tolate teens for many), so the cost differences may not be significant in the long run. Although not a major consideration, insurance liability is a factor for some people. Certain homeowner insurance policies restrict coverage, or charge more, for specific large dogs. A Toy breed saves you the hassle of dealing with a change or increase in your insurance coverage.

Clearly, the Toy breeds have a lot to offer many types of people — not everyone, though. People who probably shouldn’t get a Toy breed include the following:

- Families with young children (six and under): Toys can be fragile, and most may not be able to stand up to the horseplay and extra-big hugs of little tykes. Even a Toy dog will have to defend itself with a nip if a small child is pulling its tail or poking. Better safe than sorry.
- Busy people who aren’t home much: Toys breeds exist to be canine companions. They love their people and do best with plenty of attention, whether on your lap, at your feet, or sitting nearby.
- Active people looking for running partners: Although an Italian Greyhound enjoys a jog, most toys do better with a walk or play session. Some Toys are sensitive to overheating; others have trouble breathing.

Unless you’re interested in getting into the show ring, pet owners should look for a larger-sized individual within a breed. Though too big for competition, they may be sturdier.

Affenpinscher
Brussels Griffon
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Chihuahua
Chinese Crested
English Toy Spaniel
Havanese
Italian Greyhound
Japanese Chin
Maltese
Miniature Pinscher
Papillon
Pekingese
Pomeranian
Pug
Shih Tzu
Silky Terrier
Toy Fox Terrier
Yorkshire Terrier

Working Group

The Working Group is a formidable assemblage, made up of dogs of great strength, courage, and devotion. The AKC category of Working Dog describes breeds that were originally bred for jobs other than herding or hunting: carting, sledding, guarding, and rescuing. Though many machines now do these jobs (snowmobiles rather than sledding dogs, for example), plenty of Working breeds are still doing their jobs throughout much of the world.

The breeds in the Working Group are built to perform tough tasks. They are sturdy and strong and capable of carrying heavy loads. They are brave enough to guard against predators and intruders, as well as accompany soldiers into war. They have specialized skills that allow them to dive underwater, perform rescues, and detect drugs and explosives. These breeds are intelligent and able to think for themselves, a true asset when a dog must act alone to get a job done.

Though they excel at these tasks, the Working breeds are typically large to giant — Great Dane, Akita, Mastiff, and Doberman Pinscher, to name a few — which may make them a challenge for the average person interested in a pet. Fortunately, they are also quick to learn, and early and proper training can help a dog stay on track as a home companion. Without training, however, the typical owner will be challenged to control such large and powerful dogs. Socialization should be done early and throughout a dog’s life, to prevent the dog from becoming overprotective, especially if you ever plan to bring new people into your life.

Working dogs may be similar in size, but they vary greatly in other aspects of appearance. From the corded white coat of the Komondor to the baggy, smooth coat of the Neapolitan Mastiff, the dogs of the Working Group have quite a range of hair types. Being workers, of course, coat type has everything to do with job performance: The Komondor’s cords protect it from the elements and allow it to blend in with its flock; the Neapolitan Mastiff’s unusual appearance is enough to stop any intruder in his tracks. In general, Working dogs are territorial and make excellent guard dogs because of their physical size and the volume of their bark. What burglar would hear the booming alarm bark of a Rottweiler and decide to come on in ? Despite their size, some of the Working breeds are perfectly content with a minimal amount of exercise and can even live happily in a small home or apartment. The Mastiff types, for example, don’t require strenuous exercise and can do well with a daily leisurely stroll. The sled dogs are a different story, however, and are quite active. Be prepared for more exercise and play if you have an Alaskan Malamute, Samoyed, or Siberian Husky. Dogs like the Portuguese Water Dog, the Boxer, and the Standard Schnauzer also benefit from more activity than others in the Working Group.

Whether guardian or powerhouse, Working dogs love nothing better than having a job to do. For some that means being a drug-sniffing police dog, a therapy dog at a nursing home, or a sled dog in the Iditarod. For others, it means keeping a careful eye on a backyard full of children. And nothing is better than celebrating a job well done with a well-deserved snooze at your master’s feet.

Akita
Alaskan Malamute
Anatolian Shepherd Dog
Bernese Mountain Dog
Black Russian Terrier
Boxer
Bullmastiff
Doberman Pinscher
Dogue de Bordeaux
German Pinscher
Giant Schnauzer
Great Dane
Great Pyrenees
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
Komondor
Kuvasz
Mastiff
Neapolitan Mastiff
Newfoundland
Newfoundland
Portuguese Water Dog
Rottweiler
Saint Bernard
Samoyed
Siberian Husky
Standard Schnauzer
Tibetan Mastiff

Affenpinscher

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History/Evolution:

One of the oldest of the Toy breeds, the Affenpinscher is believed to have originated in Germany in the 1600s; the name means “monkeylike terrier” in German. In their early years, Affenpinschers excelled at hunting rodents on farms and in homes. The breed’s hunting skills come from its Terrier roots, but its wiry hair stems from the German Pinscher. Less common today, this monkey-faced breed is still a beloved companion, amusing owners with playful antics.

Size:

Tiny, 8 to 11 inches, average 7 to 9 pounds.

Color:

Black, gray, silver, black and tan, beige, red.

Temperament:

Inquisitive, bold, alert, mischievous. Loyal and affectionate with family and friends, but will bark when threatened or attacked. Fearless for its size.

Energy level:

Medium to medium high. Can be busy.

Best owner:

Active owner with a sense of humor.

Needs:

Exercise and play (indoors or out), socialization, regular brushing, and periodic clipping and stripping.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Afghan Hound

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History/Evolution:

Although some link its origins to ancient Egypt, the Afghan Hound was developed in Afghanistan; in the early 1900s, it was brought to England. Primarily a coursing Hound, the Afghan was a fast, agile, and accomplished hunter that at times was paired with specially trained falcons. The breed’s dignified appearance and silky coat helped bring it into the spotlight in the show ring. Although the glamorous Afghan was fashionable in the 1970s, the breed’s popularity has since dwindled.

Size:

Large; females 25 inches, 50 pounds; males 27 inches, 60 pounds.

Color:

Any.

Temperament:

Aloof and dignified, but with a clownish side. Independent hunter. Not overly demonstrative with family, reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

Medium, higher when young.

Best owner:

Active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long walks, sprints, and runs), fenced yard, leash, regular and consistent coat care.

Life expectancy:

12 years.

Airedale Terrier

2010-11-21T05:25:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Known as the “King of Terriers,” the Airedale is the largest of the group. Like other Terriers, it is believed to be a descendant of the extinct Old English Terrier. English hunters fancied its versatile hunting skills (badger, otter, and fox are just a few of the breed’s quarry). The Airedale’s intelligence, protective nature, and looks earned it many admirers when it was imported to the U.S. Whether companion, police dog, show dog, or hunter, the Airedale is truly a champion.

Size:

Medium to large; males 23 inches, females slightly smaller; 45 to 70 pounds.

Color:

Tan with black.

Temperament:

Bold, adventurous, intelligent; can be headstrong. Good ability to learn, if things are kept fun and interesting. Protective; some can be domineering.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Outdoorsy owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily vigorous exercise (long walks, hunting excursion), leash, obedience training, plenty of interaction, twice weekly combing plus scissoring and shaping.

Life expectancy:

10 to 13 years.

Akita

2010-11-21T05:24:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The largest of Japan’s seven native breeds, the Akita specialized in hunting and guarding. Beloved in Japan as loyal pets and companions, the breed was named one of the country’s national monuments in 1931. Helen Keller brought the first Akita to the U.S. when she returned from a trip to Japan; American servicemen also brought back the dogs from World War II. Recognized by the AKC in 1972, the Akita continues to gain admirers.

Size:

Large; females 24 to 26 inches, 75 to 95 pounds; males 26 to 28 inches, 85 to 115 pounds.

Color:

Any color, including white, brindle, or pinto.

Temperament:

Bold, alert, dignified, and courageous; devoted and protective of family members; can be aggressive toward other dogs.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Experienced in obedience training and time for daily physical exercise.

Needs:

Daily outdoor runs (leashed or in a yard with a 6-foot fence), weekly brushing (more often during seasonal shedding) and cool climate.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Alaskan Malamute

2010-11-21T05:21:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

One of the oldest sled dogs, the Alaskan Malamute evolved in Alaska. There they hunted with native peoples for seals and polar bears, and then hauled the catch back to the village. The arrival of white settlers brought mixed breeding until the 1920s, when people interested in sled dog racing began to breed the traditional malamutes. A noted contributor to Admiral Byrd’s trek to the South Pole in 1933, the AKC recognized the breed in 1935.

Size:

Large; females 23 inches, 75 pounds; males 25 inches, 85 pounds.

Color:

Light gray to black, red, or sable with white markings, also all white; brown eyes (unlike the blue eyes of its Siberian cousin).

Temperament:

Affectionate, friendly, playful, and loyal. Behaves well if given enough exercise; can be territorial with other pets.

Energy level:

Low to medium.

Best owner:

Active owner with time for adequate exercise (long walks, runs) maintaining firm, consistent methods of training.

Needs:

Daily doses of vigorous exercise, daily brushing, cool climate.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

American Eskimo Dog

2010-11-21T05:20:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

A member of the Spitz family, the American Eskimo Dog, or “Eskie,” descended from a variety of German spitz, with influences from other spitzes such as the Keeshond and Pomeranian. Known for its beauty, intelligence, and agility, the Eskie was an extremely popular performer in traveling circuses throughout the U.S. Today’s Eskies are primarily companion dogs, although some compete in conformation, obedience, and agility.

Size:

Tiny to medium. Toy 9 to 12 inches, Miniature 12 to 15 inches, Standard 15 to 19 nches.

Color:

White, white with biscuit cream.

Temperament:

Intelligent, alert, and friendly; trainable and willing to please. Protective and wary of strangers. Not the best choice if there are children or other pets.

Energy level:

High, especially with smaller sizes; mellows with age.

Best owner:

Active owner in a home with a fenced yard.

Needs:

Daily exercise, fenced yard, patient housetraining, cool climate; brushing and combing twice weekly, more often when shedding.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

American Foxhound

2010-11-21T05:19:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

A native U.S. breed, the American Foxhound traces its origins to the late 1600s and early 1700s, when it was developed from various Hound breeds imported from France, England, and Ireland. George Washington, who ran a breeding program for the breed, is sometimes called the father of the American Foxhound. Although the breed’s great speed and agility have made it a popular choice for hunters, the American Foxhound has experienced limited popularity as a pet for nonhunters.

Size:

Large, 40 to 65 pounds; females 21 to 24 inches; males 22 to 25 inches.

Color:

Any.

Temperament:

Tolerant, gentle, amiable; reserved with strangers, but can be a well-mannered household companion.

A hunter at heart; may be stubborn or independent.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner in suburban or rural area.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long walks or runs), fenced yard, minimal brushing to remove dead hair, tolerance of baying, companionship, a patient trainer.

Life expectancy:

11 to 13 years.

American Staffordshire Terrier

2010-11-21T05:18:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Both the American Staffordshire Terrier (AmStaff) and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier descended from the Bulldog and a game Terrier breed. The powerful AmStaff was used in the illegal sport of dog fighting in England in the 1800s. Although sweet and docile, improper handling and training by people for fighting has left the AmStaff with a less than favorable reputation. Because of its intelligence and build, the AmStaff excels at obedience, agility, tracking, and conformation.

Size:

Medium; females 17 to 18 inches, males 18 to 19 inches; 40 to 75 pounds.

Color:

Almost any solid, particolored, or brindled.

Temperament:

Playful, affectionate, and friendly, but protective of family; can be aggressive with other dogs. Stubborn and prone to destructive behaviors if not properly exercised.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active owner with previous training experience.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, secure fences, bonding and socialization, a job, early training, minimal grooming

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

American Water Spaniel

2010-11-21T05:17:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The history of the American Water Spaniel is something of a mystery, but the breed is likely a product of ancestors that include the Irish Water Spaniel and the CurlyCoated Retriever. Developed in the mid-1800s in the Great Lakes region of the U.S., the American Water Spaniel was, and is, a remarkable hunting companion, the first American breed that could retrieve from boats. Although the AKC recognized the breed in 1940, it is still uncommon in the show ring or the home. It’s the state dog of Wisconsin.

Size:

Medium, 15 to 18 inches; females 25 to 40 pounds; males 30 to 45 pounds.

Color:

Solid liver, brown, or dark chocolate.

Temperament:

Intelligent, friendly, and fun loving; a good family dog if given enough exercise (if not, prepare for barking and digging). Whining and drooling can be a problem.

Energy level:

High, calmer when mature.

Best owner:

Hunter of upland birds or waterfowl, active family in suburbs or country.

Needs:

Daily exercise (swims are appreciated), fenced yard, human attention, short obedience sessions, weekly brushing, attention to ears (clean regularly).

Life expectancy:

10 to 15 years.

Anatolian Shepherd Dog

2010-11-21T05:15:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

More guard dog than herder, the Anatolian Shepherd Dog has origins in ancient Turkey, with probable ties to the Tibetan Mastiff and Roman Mallosian war dogs. The dogs served as staunch defenders of livestock and are still valued for their hardiness, loyalty, and independence. The breed became more widely known and appreciated by the 1980s; the AKC accepted it in 1996.

Size:

Giant; females from 27 inches, 80 to 120 pounds; males from 29 inches, 110 to 150 pounds.

Color:

Fawn, brindle, tricolor, white, black mask.

Temperament:

Serious about its job as protector, yet calm and easygoing. Intelligent, adaptable, and territorial; may perceive children as part of flock to be guarded.

Energy level:

Low (except when a threat is perceived).

Best owner:

Strong owner in a rural or suburban home.

Needs:

A job (guard, patrol, slipper fetcher) and socialization from an early age; daily exercise and securely fenced yard.

Life expectancy:

10 to 13 years.

Aussiedoodle

2010-11-21T05:14:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Also known as the Aussiepoo, the Aussiedoodle is a cross of the Miniature or Standard Australian Shepherd and the Toy, Miniature, or Standard Poodle. Although the Australian Shepherd is a heavy shedder, the Aussiedoodle may inherit the Poodle’s low-shedding, low-dander coat — a plus for people with allergies. Aussiedoodles may also retain the Australian Shepherd’s herding skills and merle coat colors.

Size:

Varies: A miniature Aussiedoodle is about 13 to 18 inches, 15 to 30 pounds; a medium or large Aussiedoodle is about 20 to 30 inches, 25 to 50 pounds.

Color:

A variety, including black, blue merle, red merle, and red.

Temperament:

Intelligent, even tempered, energetic, loyal. Reserved with strangers; patient with children when raised with them.

Energy level:

Active without being hyper.

Best owner:

Active family in a rural or suburban home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (brisk walk, agility), leash, fenced yard, socialization, regular grooming (shaggy or poodle clip), training, ear cleaning (removing hair).

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Australian Cattle Dog

2010-11-21T05:12:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Australian Cattle Dog was developed in Australia in the 1800s when it became clear that European herding dogs could not withstand the country’s rough terrain and climate. Australian cattlemen needed a dog who could herd a wilder type of cattle; crosses may have included Dingos, Highland Collies, Black and Tan Kelpie, and the Dalmatian. Though the breed was slow to catch on in the U.S., it has proved an untiring and effective herder. The AKC recognized the breed in 1993.

Size:

Medium, 35 to 45 pounds; females 17 to 19 inches; males 18 to 20 inches.

Color:

Blue or red (mottled or speckled), with or without black, blue, or tan markings.

Temperament:

Intelligent, independent, tenacious, energetic, hardy, and untiring. Loyal and protective; suspicious of strangers. Needs a job. Herds children, sometime with nips.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owners with time and energy for hard, daily exercise; a family with older children and a fenced yard.

Needs:

A lot of physical and mental activities (more than a walk — think agility course and obedience lessons), opportunities to herd, regular brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 13 years.

Australian Shepherd

2010-11-21T05:11:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Despite its name, the Australian Shepherd probably originated in the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France; the name comes from association with shepherds who came from Australia to the western U.S. in the 1800s. Ranchers continued to develop the breed to its current high level of versatility, intelligence, and trainability. Appearances in movies, television shows, and rodeos helped boost popularity. The breed excels as guide, hearing, therapy, and search-and-rescue dogs.

Size:

Medium; females 18 to 21 inches, 40 to 55 pounds; males 20 to 23 inches, 50 to 65 pounds.

Color:

Blue merle, red (liver) merle, and black or red, all with or without copper and/or tan markings.

Temperament:

Bold, alert, confident, independent, and smart; difficult if lacking a challenge.

May try to herd children and small animals by nips.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active owner in a rural or suburban home.

Needs:

Daily workouts with mental and physical challenges (agility, flyball, obedience, tracking, freestyle), fenced yard, weekly brushing, companionship.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Australian Terrier

2010-11-21T05:09:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Developed in Tasmania, the Australian Terrier was the first native breed to be recognized and shown in that country. A versatile dog, the Australian Terrier was bred to be an all-purpose companion and worker, able to control livestock, manage pests such as snakes and rats, and guard against intruders. Suited to life on the farm, in the city, or somewhere in between, the Australian Terrier thrives on equal doses of activity and companionship.

Size:

Small; 10 to 11 inches, 14 to 18 pounds.

Color:

Sandy, red, or blue and tan.

Temperament:

Self-confident, spirited, and courageous. Keen and alert, although easier to quiet than some other Terriers. Friendly and affectionate; adaptable.

Energy level:

Medium to high as puppies, mellows later.

Best owner:

Family or active owner who enjoys training.

Needs:

Daily exercise (walk or romp in park), leash, fenced yard, companionship, weekly combing plus twice yearly stripping.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Bagel

2010-11-21T05:08:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Bagel is a cross between the Beagle and the Basset Hound. Though not as popular as some of the more well-established mixes, the short-coated Bagel has the loving personality one would expect from two Hounds, plus the potential for some stubbornness. The crossing may prove beneficial to some problems associated with the long-backed Basset. Potential owners should ask about back problems as well as epilepsy, inherited in Beagles.

Size:

Small to medium; 10 to 15 inches, 20 to 50 pounds.

Color:

Tricolor hound colors.

Temperament:

Loving, devoted, even tempered. Also independent and willful. Usually good with children and other dogs and pets.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active family.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, fenced yard, early socialization, training, regular brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 15 years.

Basenji

2010-11-21T05:05:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The lightly built Basenji were used for hunting game in its native Central Africa and was prized for its speed and intelligence and for its very specialized trait: Known as the “Barkless Dog,” the Basenji is a silent hunter. However, the Basenji emit joyful yodels during play and when greeting family. Despite some unsuccessful attempts to bring the breed to England in the late 1800s, the Basenji eventually was established outside of Africa in England and, in 1941, the U.S.

Size:

Small; females 16 inches, 22 pounds; males 17 inches, 24 pounds.

Color:

Chestnut red, black, black and tan, or brindle with white markings.

Temperament:

Feisty, intelligent, curious, and independent; affectionate with friends and family, but reserved with strangers. Fastidious about grooming.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active owner with fenced yard and time for canine exercise.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise (walks, games, free runs), fenced yard, minimal coat care.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Basset Hound

2010-11-21T05:04:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Developed in France as a low-legged trailer of small game, the Bassett Hound was highly popular during the reign of Napoleon. The Marquis de Lafayette brought them to the U.S. as a gift to President George Washington to use in his hunting expeditions.

In 1884, the first Basset Hound was exhibited at the Westminster Kennel Club show. Beloved companion of many, the Basset Hound continues to prove itself in conformation, obedience, tracking, hunting, and field trials.

Size:

Medium, but heavy boned; 14 inches, 40 to 60 pounds.

Color:

Hound colors: black, tan, and white markings; red with white; piebald.

Temperament:

Sweet, gentle, good natured; easygoing with children, other dogs, and pets.

Can be stubborn and slow moving when on the trail of a scent.

Energy level:

Low, but can have great stamina when hunting.

Best owner:

Patient trainer who lives in a home with a backyard.

Needs:

Daily leashed walk; great tolerance of drool and dirt distributed by big feet and trailing ears; minimal grooming, but regular ear cleaning to avoid infections and odor.

Life expectancy:

10 years.

Beagalier

2010-11-21T05:03:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

A cross between a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and a Beagle, the Beagalier was first bred in Australia in the 1990s, focused on reducing the Beagle’s scent-hunting drive and wandering tendencies. The crossbreed may have a positive effect on health problems associated with the Cavalier, including heart conditions and other issues related to the shortened face. The typical Beagalier has a good temperament and resembles both parent breeds.

Size:

Small to medium; 12 to 16 inches, 10 to 25 pounds.

Color:

Black, white, or tricolor.

Temperament:

Sweet, intelligent, playful, good natured, calm; good with considerate children.

May get distracted by scents. Does not like to be alone.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active individual or family in suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, fenced yard, regular brushing (both parent breeds are shedders), obedience training.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Beagle

2010-11-21T04:58:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Though details of the Beagle’s origins are somewhat uncertain, Beagle-type dogs were used to hunt rabbits in England as early as the 14th century. The sturdy breed has undergone changes, but today’s Beagle comes in two height varieties. Beagles are still used for hunting in packs, but they are equally valued for their merry personality and loyal companionship. Their intelligence, compact size, and care-free coat have made them one of the most popular breeds in the U.S.

Size:

Small; 13 to 15 inches, 16 to 30 pounds.

Color:

Hound colors: usually black and tan, red, or lemon, with or without white markings.

Temperament:

Amiable, tolerant, good with children, curious, and mischievous if not provided with enough exercise. Independent thinker when he detects a scent.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active owner with securely fenced backyard.

Needs:

Daily exercise and playtime, leash, adequate fencing to prevent digging, companionship, minimal grooming, tolerance of barking, howling, and begging.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Bearded Collie

2010-11-21T04:57:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Developed in Scotland, the Bearded Collie may trace its ancestors to the Komondor, British Isles herding dogs, and the Poland Lowland Sheepdog. In Scotland, the energetic Beardies were tireless sheepherders and later gained popularity as show dogs. The AKC recognized the breed in 1977. The Bearded Collie has loads of fans who enjoy the breed as a companion who likes plenty of activity, whether in the form of agility, Frisbee, or herding a backyard full of children.

Size:

Medium; females 20 to 21 inches, 40 to 45 pounds; males 21 to 22 inches, 50 to 60 pounds.

Color:

Black, brown, blue, or fawn, usually with white markings.

Temperament:

Lively, playful, and enthusiastic; devoted, intelligent, and self-confident. Exuberant with kids; may try to herd young children while playing.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active owner or family with post-toddler children.

Needs:

Family bonding, vigorous daily exercise, fenced yard, weekly brushing and combing sessions.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Beauceron

2010-11-21T04:56:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:
The Beauceron is a French herding dog dating back to the 1500s, highly valued as a farm dog, drover, and guardian of sheep and family. In 1863, the breed was differentiated into long-coated (Briard) and short-coated (Beauceron). During World War I and II, the military used them as messenger dogs and mine detectors. Although the breed has been relatively unknown outside of France, the Beauceron has recently begun to gain the attention of fanciers in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Size:

Medium to large, 65 to 85 pounds; females 24 to 261/2 inches; males 251/2 to 271/2 inches.

Color:

Black and tan, or black, gray, and tan.

Temperament:

Self-assured, courageous, calm, and intelligent. Loyal and devoted to family, but without training, can take over. Very protective; may herd children.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active owner or family with fenced yard.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise, firm obedience training, some time outdoors, human contact.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Bedlington Terrier

2010-11-21T04:53:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Named for England’s Bedlington Mining Shire, where it was developed in the 1800s, the Bedlington Terrier is one of the more unusual members of the Terrier Group. The lamblike appearance of the breed is deceiving; the Bedlington was bred to be a fast and skilled hunter of rat, badger, and other vermin. The Bedlington’s curly, woolly coat requires work and skill to maintain, but owners of the breed often rely on professional groomers to keep their dog’s coat in top condition.

Size:

Medium; females 15 to 161/2 inches, males 16 to 171/2 inches; around 20 pounds.

Color:

Blue, sandy, liver — each with or without tan points.

Temperament:

Gentle, mild, and tractable; a loyal family pet. Good with children and other pets (except squeaky rodents); reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active family or individual.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, fenced yard, plenty of companionship, regular ear cleaning, combing once or twice a week, grooming to maintain shape.

Life expectancy:

15 to 16 years.

Belgian Malinois

2010-11-21T04:52:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Belgian Malinois shares a foundation with other Belgian sheepherding breeds, including the Belgian Sheepdog and the Belgian Tervuren — Belgian dogs share a breed standard in all countries except the U.S. Developed in the city of Malines, Malinois is prized as a confident herder and guard. Although it has experienced uneven growth in popularity outside Belgium, the Malinois is considered a preeminent security and police dog, ranking even above the German Shepherd.

Size:

Medium to large; females 22 to 24 inches, 50 to 60 pounds; males 24 to 26 inches, 55 to 75 pounds.

Color:

Fawn to mahogany, with black mask and ears.

Temperament:

Confident, intense, alert; protective without being overly aggressive.

Happiest with plenty of activity and a job; quick and responsive to commands.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active, confident owner with experience handling dogs and time for training and socialization.

Needs:

A lot of exercise (not leashed strolls) and mental stimulation (obedience training and tracking), fenced yard, weekly brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Belgian Sheepdog

2010-11-21T04:51:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Known as the Groenendael, or Chien de Berger Beige in most parts of the world, the Belgian Sheepdog traces its origins to the late 1800s. Like all Belgian shepherds, the breed was an accomplished herder and guard. In the early 1900s Belgian Sheepdogs were gaining a reputation as police dogs. During World War I and II, they served as sentry dogs, message carriers, and ambulance dogs. Today they continue to serve society well, as guide and therapy dogs and as devoted companions.

Size:

Medium to large; females 22 to 24 inches, 40 to 60 pounds; males 25 to 26 inches, 50 to 75 pounds.

Color:

Black.

Temperament:

Watchful, attentive, courageous, and intense; possessive and aggressive toward dogs and animals. Intelligent but independent. Aloof with strangers.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Patient but firm owner with time for training and socialization.

Needs:

Tolerance with shedding and weekly brushing, fenced yard, cool climate, plenty of mental and physical stimulation (herding trials).

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Belgian Tervuren

2010-11-21T04:49:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

One of the four Belgian shepherd breeds, the Belgian Tervuren’s protective instincts and herding abilities made it an ideal dog for rural farmers in Belgium. The dogs continued as beloved companions even after machines gradually took over the breed’s farm duties. A drop in numbers nearly caused the Belgian Tervuren to disappear by 1930, but fanciers have rescued the breed to its current moderate popularity.

Size:

Medium to large; females 22 to 24 inches, 45 to 60 pounds; males 24 to 26 inches, 65 to 80 pounds.

Color:

Fawn to mahogany, with black overlay.

Temperament:

Alert and energetic; affectionate and possessive with family, but observant and aloof with strangers. Given exercise and challenges, can be well-mannered companion. May nip at children’s heels.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active, confident owner who has time for training.

Needs:

Strenuous daily activity (jogging, serious play or working session) and mental challenges of obedience, agility, tracking; regular brushing and interaction; fenced yard.

Life expectancy:

10 to 14 years.

Bernese Mountain Dog

2010-11-21T04:48:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Bernese Mountain Dog is perhaps the most well known of the four varieties of Swiss Mountain Dogs, distinct from the other three by its long, silky coat. A hardy dog who can thrive in cold weather, the Bernese Mountain Dog retains its original skills as a draft dog, herder, and watchdog. Prized in Switzerland for centuries, the breed is now popular throughout Europe and the United States, and acquired AKC recognition in 1937.

Size:

Large; females 23 to 26 inches, 70 to 100 pounds; males 25 to 271/2 inches, 70 to 120 pounds.

Color:

Tricolor (black with white and rust markings).

Temperament:

Alert, good natured, and calm. Extremely devoted, does well with children; gets along with other pets but is aloof with strangers.

Energy level:

Low to medium.

Best owner:

Families who include a dog in the family’s schedule and activities.

Needs:

Daily moderate exercise and twiceweekly coat brushing; quality time with human family (isolation leads to bad habits and unhappiness).

Life expectancy:

8 to 10 years.

Bichon Frise

2010-11-21T04:47:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Originating in the Mediterranean area in the 13th century, the Bichon Frise is believed to be the descendant of large water spaniels and small, often white, dogs. Spanish sailors traded the cheerful breed and transported dogs from continent to continent, and Bichons found their way into French royal courts and Spanish paintings. In the late 1800s, the breed fell out of favor, but it survived by performing with street artists and in circuses and fairs. Bichons make excellent pets.

Size:

Small; 91/2 to 111/2 inches, 14 to 16 pounds.

Color:

White.

Temperament:

Playful, cheerful, friendly, and affectionate. Good with children, other dogs and pets, and strangers. Doesn’t like to be alone. Some bark a lot.

Best owner:

Aspiring pet groomer.

Needs:

Daily exercise, attention, patient housetraining, intense grooming (daily brushing to prevent mats, occasional trims).

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Black and Tan Coonhound

2010-11-21T04:45:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

An all-American breed, the Black and Tan Coonhound was developed from other Scenthounds used to hunt raccoons and bears in rugged terrain. Following in the footsteps of their Bloodhound ancestors, the Black and Tan trails with nose to the ground and is a determined hunter even in the worst conditions. The dog’s deep voice enables a hunter to find him after he’s treed his quarry. Registered with the AKC in 1945, the breed is favored more for hunting than as a show dog or pet.

Size:

Large, 65 to 100 pounds; females 23 to 25 inches; males 25 to 27 inches.

Color:

Coal black with tan markings.

Temperament:

Mellow, even tempered, calm; friendly and playful, but reserved with strangers. Strong trailing instincts make training difficult.

Energy level:

Moderate.

Best owner:

Hunter or family with large, secured backyard.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, consistent training, tolerance of loud baying and drooling, weekly ear cleaning to prevent odor and infection.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Black Russian Terrier

2010-11-21T04:44:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Developed in the mid-1900s in the Soviet Union, Black Russian Terriers were bred to be large, highly trainable dogs who could work with security forces as guard dogs. The breed is the result of crossings with many breeds, primarily Airedale Terrier, Giant Schnauzer, and Rottweiler. Spreading through Europe and then to the U.S., the Black Russian Terrier was accepted into the AKC’s Miscellaneous Class in 2001 and the Working Group in 2004.

Size:

Large, 80 to 145 pounds; female 26 to 29 inches; male 27 to 30 inches.

Color:

Black (sometimes with a few gray hairs).

Temperament:

Calm, confident, and courageous; protective and attached to their family. Bred to guard; reserved toward strangers.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

An active owner who has the time and energy for obedience training and daily exercise.

Needs:

Job or activity such as obedience or agility training; exercise, socialization, and human contact.

Life expectancy:

10 to 11 years.

Bloodhound

2010-11-21T04:42:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

One of the oldest Scenthounds (some have traced the Bloodhound to Mediterranean countries in the third century), most believe that the breed was developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. The name refers to blooded hounds, meaning they were of pure blood and noble breeding. The Bloodhound’s trailing skills in the field of law enforcement have earned the breed high honors. This highly recognizable dog excels in shows and trailing but has enjoyed moderate popularity as a pet.

Size:

Large, 80 to 110 pounds; females 23 to 25 inches; males 25 to 27 inches.

Color:

Black and tan, liver and tan, and red.

Temperament:

Trustworthy, extremely affectionate, calm; tolerant of children and playful. Reserved with strangers. Ruled by its nose.

Energy level:

Lots of energy until 3 or 4 years of age; then low.

Best owner:

Active owner with a firm approach to training.

Needs:

Daily exercise, securely fenced yard, leash, drool tolerance, facial cleaning (ears and wrinkles pick up food and water), soft bedding, weekly brushing.

Life expectancy:

7 to 10 years.

Borador

2010-11-21T04:41:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Borador’s combination of Border Collie and Labrador Retriever seems to make sense. The two breeds excel at agility and trainability, raising breeders’ hopes that they’ll come up with a flyball or agility champion. Plus, the Lab influence may help to mellow out the Border Collie’s need to chase and work all the time. The Borador pairing typically yields a friendly, easy-to-train breed with an attractive short or medium-length coat.

Size:

Medium to large; 17 inches, 35 to 45 pounds.

Color:

Varies; typically black with white Border Collie markings on nose, paws, and neck.

Temperament:

Sweet, affectionate, friendly. Some herd children; may be overexuberant at times. Loyal to family, not usually aggressive to strangers.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active owner in suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise (long walks, fetch, agility), leash, fenced yard, chew toys, weekly brushing.

Life expectancy:

12 years.

Border Collie

2010-11-21T04:35:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Border Collie is the consummate sheepdog. The energetic breed’s origins can be traced back to the 1800s, in the border country between Scotland and England. One accomplished individual, named Hemp, is considered the father of the breed; his herding skills were considerable, especially his intimidating stare. Although many of the breed’s devotees wanted to keep the Border Collie out of the show ring, the AKC recognized it in 1995. Studies suggest that the Border Collie may be the most intelligent dog.

Size:

Medium; 18 to 20 inches, 30 to 45 pounds.

Color:

Black, blue, chocolate, and red, with or without white markings or merling.

Temperament:

Energetic, intelligent, and an intense worker who can be destructive if not sufficiently challenged. Loves to chase (not the best choice for families with children).

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owners with time for exercise or someone who lives on a farm.

Needs:

Daily exercise, a job, obedience training, fenced yard, regular brushing.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Border Shepherd

2010-11-21T04:33:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Like the Borador, the Border Shepherd’s combination of Australian Shepherd and Border Collie was made in the hopes of creating a canine performance champion. Also known as the Border-Aussie, the Border Shepherd is high energy and intense and may not be particularly friendly; look for parents with good temperaments who enjoy human companionship. The breed has a short-to-medium coat that sheds.

Size:

Medium; 15 to 22 inches, 35 to 55 pounds.

Color:

Varies; includes black and white, blue merle, red merle, and tricolor.

Temperament:

Energetic, intelligent, intense, trainable. Reserved with strangers; some can be snappy and less tolerant of children.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Athlete or someone who enjoys performance training.

Needs:

Daily strenuous exercise, job or activity (flyball, agility), socialization, obedience, weekly brushing (more when shedding).

Life expectancy:

10 to 15 years.

Border Terrier

2010-11-21T04:27:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Border Terrier may be the oldest of Britain’s Terriers, originating in the 1700s in the border country between England and Scotland. The breed was used to hunt fox, which were considered a nuisance to farmers. The agile Terrier was fast enough to keep up with horses on a hunt, but small enough to go underground after a fox. Today the Border Terrier excels in agility and earthdog trials; the people-oriented breed makes a fine home companion.

Size:

Small; females 111/2 to 14 inches, 12 to 16 pounds; males 12 to 151/2 inches, 12 to 20 pounds.

Color:

Red, grizzle and tan, blue and tan, wheaten.

Temperament:

Good tempered in the home; independent, curious chaser in the field. Good with children and pets other than rodents. Enjoys digging and barking.

Energy level:

Moderately high.

Best owner:

Active family or owner.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, securely fenced yard, weekly brushing plus stripping about four times a year.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years

Borzoi

2010-11-21T04:25:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

A graceful, elegant Sighthound, the Borzoi was developed by the Russian aristocracy. Known as the Russian Wolfhound before 1936, the Borzoi was originally bred to hunt wolves, often in packs of more than a hundred dogs. The first Borzoi was brought to the U.S. from England in 1889; today the breed is prized for its beauty and talent in the show ring, as well as its skill in lure coursing. Farmers in Western states still rely on the Borzoi to control coyote populations.

Size:

Large; females 26 to 30 inches, 65 to 85 pounds; males 28 to 33 inches, 85 to 105 pounds.

Color:

Any color, with or without markings.

Temperament:

Intelligent, sensitive, and well mannered; described as catlike in their independent nature. Affectionate with family, but reserved with strangers. Strong chase instinct.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

Runner or active owner with fenced yard.

Needs:

Daily exercise (leashed walk plus a sprint in a well-secured area), patient and consistent obedience training, socialization, regular brushing and bathing, cool quarters.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Boston Terrier

2010-11-21T04:24:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

An all-American dog, the Boston Terrier was developed in the 1800s in Boston, the result of a cross between an English Bulldog and an English Terrier; the Bulldog (named Hooper’s Judge) became the ancestor of nearly all true Bostons. The breed is nicknamed “the American gentleman” because of its characteristically gentle disposition. Highly intelligent, the Boston Terrier is an unrivaled companion, ranking as one of the most popular breeds since the early 1900s.

Size:

Small; 15 to 25 pounds.

Color:

Brindle, seal, or black, all with white markings.

Temperament:

Friendly, lively, gentle. Intelligent, well mannered, and playful. Reserved with strangers and other dogs. Some bark.

Energy level:

Moderate to high, mellows with age.

Best owner:

Active owner with plenty of time for companionship.

Needs:

Daily exercise, fenced yard, positive reinforcement, low heat and humidity, human interaction, occasional brushing, patience with snoring.

Life expectancy:

10 to 14 years.

Bouvier des Flandres

2010-11-21T04:22:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Bouvier means “cowherd” in French, and that’s exactly what the Bouvier des Flandres did best. Because early individuals of the breed were strictly working dogs, the dogs came in a variety of sizes and colors. Interest in the breed developed in the early 1900s, and an accepted standard soon followed. Although the Bouvier des Flandres is not extremely popular, it is recognized for its excellence in dog shows and herding trials.

Size:

Large; females 231/2 to 261/2 inches, males 241/2 to 271/2 inches, 60 to 90 pounds.

Color:

Fawn to black, salt and pepper, gray, and brindle.

Temperament:

Steady, resolute, and fearless. Loyal, devoted, and protective; reserved with strangers and can be aggressive with strange dogs. Independent and confident, but willing to please.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Strong, confident owner with time for training, exercise, and grooming.

Needs:

Daily interaction and exercise (herding is ideal, but running and playing work), fenced yard, cool climate, early training, and regular brushing and grooming.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Boxer

2010-11-21T04:21:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Boxer origins trace back to the 16th century, with ancestors that include Tibetan fighting dogs, central European hunting dogs, and bulldogs. Today’s Boxer owes much of its development to German breeders in the 1800s. One of the first breeds to serve as police and military dogs in Germany, by 1900 the Boxer had become a beloved pet. Recognized by the AKC in 1904, the Boxer soared in popularity in the 1940s to its current high ranking.

Size:

Medium to large; female 21 to 231/2 inches, 50 to 65 pounds; male 221/2 to 25 inches, 65 to 80 pounds.

Color:

Fawn or brindle, usually with white markings.

Temperament:

Intelligent, alert, courageous, and self-assured. Playful and exuberant, but patient with children.

Energy level:

High (not hyperactive), mellows with age.

Best owner:

Active family with a fenced yard.

Needs:

Human contact (obedience, therapy, and companionship) and exercise (agility, play, leashed walks).

Life expectancy:

8 to 12 years.

Briard

2010-11-21T04:19:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Records of the Briard, the oldest of the four French sheepdog breeds, date back to the 1300s. Though the Briard originally defended estates and flocks against wolves and human intruders, its role developed into more of a peaceful herder. The tale goes that the breed surfaced in the U.S. with either the Marquis de Lafayette or Thomas Jefferson. In 1922 the AKC registered the first litter of Briards. The breed is still a popular sheepherder in France.

Size:

Large; females 22 to 251/2 inches, 50 to 65 pounds; males 23 to 27 inches, 75 to 100 pounds.

Color:

Black, gray, and tawny.

Temperament:

Naturally protective, fearless, reserved with strangers; loyal, loving, gentle with friends and family. Intelligent and independent, easily trained. May try to herd children.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Firm, confident owner.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long walk or jog, play session) and interaction (training), early training and socialization, frequent brushing to prevent matting.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Brittany

2010-11-21T04:18:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Named for the French province where it originated around 1900, the Brittany may have been the result of crosses between native Brittany Spaniels and English pointing dogs. A fine hunter with a strong nose, the Brittany became popular in France, arriving in the U.S. in 1925. Equally suited for sport and companionship, the Brittany’s popularity has surged. Originally called the Brittany Spaniel, the “Spaniel” was dropped in 1982 because the breed’s hunting style is more like a Setter than a Spaniel.

Size:

Medium; 171/2 inches to 201/2 inches, 30 to 40 pounds.

Color:

Orange and white, liver and white (white can be clear or roan).

Temperament:

Alert, quick, and curious; loves to run and play. Independent but responsive, eager to please, affectionate. A good house pet if given mental and physical exercise.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter, an active family in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Abundant and daily exercise (runs, obedience), fenced yard, regular brushing once or twice a week.

Life expectancy:

12 to 13 years.

Brussels Griffon

2010-11-17T10:47:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Brussels Griffon originated in Belgium in the early 1800s, the result of crossing the Affenpinscher and the Belgian street dog. The breed’s cocky demeanor served it well as a guard of cabs in Brussels, attracting customers and deterring robbers. It was crossed with the Pug in the late 1800s, accounting for the head type and the breed’s smooth-coated individuals, known as Petit Brabancon. Recognized by the AKC in 1910, the Brussels Griffon is known for its sensitive nature and comical ways.

Size:

Small, 9 to 11 inches, 8 to 10 pounds.

Color:

Red, beige, black and tan, black.

Temperament:

Intelligent and confident, sometimes to the point of self-importance. Usually enjoys other pets; protects with a fierce bark. May experience separation anxiety.

Energy level:

Low to medium.

Best owner:

Upbeat, patient trainer; a family, preferably with older children.

Needs:

Exercise and mental stimulation, fenced yard, some brushing, patience with housetraining.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Bull Terrier

2010-11-17T10:46:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Bull baiting and dog fighting were in vogue in England in the early 1800s, and patrons worked to breed dogs into fighting champions. Crosses between Bulldogs, various Terriers, and Dalmatians yielded the Bull Terrier, which captured the attention of the public. Despite the breed’s somewhat unapproachable appearance, the Bull Terrier is a friendly and fun-loving dog who has become popular as a devoted family pet and exceptional competitor in agility and conformation.

Size:

Medium; 21 to 22 inches, 50 to 70 pounds.

Color:

White, colored variety may be brindle or any color.

Temperament:

Playful, mischievous, natural clowns; may be too exuberant for young children. Prone to bursts of energy; can be destructive chewers. May be aggressive with other dogs and small animals.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise, leash, fenced yard, human companionship, obedience training, minimal grooming.

Life expectancy:

11 to 14 years.

Bulldog

2010-11-17T10:43:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Bulldogs are so gentle it’s hard to imagine the life these dogs led in their early history, when bull baiting was popular. The dogs’ role was to attack the bull, grabbing it by the nose. Fortunately, dog fighting became illegal, and breeders bred out ferocity while retaining the Bulldog’s distinctive physical characteristics. The efforts paid off within a few generations; today the Bulldog’s lovable dispositions and adorable mugs make it one of the most popular breeds.

Size:

Medium to large; 40 to 60 pounds.

Color:

Red brindle, brindle, white, red, fawn, and piebald.

Temperament:

Kind, amiable, mellow, comical. Willing to please but can be stubborn. Forms bonds and is good with children.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

Mellow family or individual.

Needs:

Daily exercise (a short walk will do), air conditioning, motivational training, tolerance of drooling and snoring, daily cleaning of facial wrinkles.

Life expectancy:

8 to 10 years.

Bullmastiff

2010-11-17T10:41:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Bullmastiff was developed in England in the 1800s to help gamekeepers keep poachers out of estates and game preserves. The dog needed to track quietly and pin and hold poachers without mauling them. The winning combination of size, speed, and ferociousness turned out to be 60 percent Mastiff and 40 percent Bulldog. Today, as a companion, the Bullmastiff still can be counted on for its watchdog abilities. The AKC recognized the breed in 1933.

Size:

Large; females 24 to 26 inches, 100 to 120 pounds; males 25 to 27 inches, 110 to 130 pounds.

Color:

Red, fawn, and brindle.

Temperament:

Gentle, quiet, devoted guardian and companion. Intelligent, stubborn when it comes to obedience training.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

Firm but loving owner who has time and patience for training.

Needs:

Moderate daily exercise (leashed), socialization, roomy indoor accommodations (soft, comfy bed), slobber maintenance.

Life expectancy:

8 to 10 years.

Cairn Terrier

2010-11-17T10:39:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

With roots that lie in the Isle of Skye and the Highlands of Scotland, the Cairn Terrier was originally grouped with Scottish and West Highland White Terriers; the breeds began to be separated in the early 1900s. The Cairn was skilled at hunting prey such as fox that lived in the ledges and rock piles (cairns) that dotted the farming countryside. A working Terrier, the Cairn likes to be busy; today’s dogs excel in agility and tracking trials. Made famous by Toto in the Wizard of Oz.

Size:

Small; females 91/2 inches, 13 pounds; males 10 to 12 inches, 14 pounds.

Color:

Any color except white.

Temperament:

Intelligent, spirited, curious, quick to learn. Can be stubborn and independent.

Good with children, but may be aggressive with other dogs. Enjoys chasing and digging; some bark.

Energy level:

High, but not high strung.

Best owner:

Active family or owner.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, secure fencing (to prevent digging), obedience training, weekly brushing.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Canaan Dog

2010-11-17T10:38:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Canaan Dog has a long and eventful history, beginning in ancient times in the biblical Land of Canaan as an adept guard and herd dog of the ancient Israelites; when the Israelites were dispersed by the Romans 2,000 years ago, many dogs survived on their own or lived with Bedouins, who raised them as guard and livestock dogs. Later, Canaan Dogs were trained as sentry dogs, messengers, and land mine locators. The first Canaan Dogs arrived in the U.S. in 1965.

Size:

Medium; females 19 to 23 inches, 35 to 45 pounds; males 20 to 24 inches, 45 to 55 pounds.

Color:

White with black, brown, or red markings; brown or black, with or without white markings.

Temperament:

Devoted, docile, and willing to please family; reserved and aloof with strangers.

Alert, vigilant, and territorial; vocal and persistent.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Plenty of exercise and mental and physical challenges; secure fencing, training, human contact, weekly brushing, and early socialization.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Cardigan Welsh Corgi

2010-11-17T10:35:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The older of the two Corgi breeds, the Cardigan Welsh Corgi was brought to Cardiganshire (South Wales) from Central Europe by the Celts around 1200 BC. Later the Corgis served their masters well by driving cattle from the farmers’ meager acreage out to the common land owned by the Crown. Although the breed became less useful when the land was sold off and fenced in, it has survived, with the Cardigan and the Pembroke officially divided into two types in 1934.

Size:

Small to medium, 101/2 to 121/2 inches; females 25 to 35 pounds; males 30 to 45 pounds.

Color:

All shades of red, sable, and brindle; also blue merle or black, both with or without tan or brindle points; white markings common.

Temperament:

Loyal, affectionate, and even tempered; devoted to family, but reserved with strangers. Fun and high spirited, with a love of antics and tricks. Barks.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active owner with time for exercise.

Needs:

Daily exercise (walk, herding, or play session), fenced yard, regular brushing.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Cavachon

2010-11-13T13:08:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Cavachon (or Cavashon) is a cross between the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Bichon Frise. The Bichon, like the Poodle, has a high-maintenance but low-shedding and low-dander coat. The Cavalier is small and sweet tempered, so Cavachons may suit allergy sufferers looking for a small, good-natured companion. Research and careful screenings help identify potential health issues, such as eye problems found in both breeds.

Size:

Small; 11 to 17 inches, 12 to 25 pounds.

Color:

Black and white, red and white, sable and white; solid or tricolor.

Temperament:

Affectionate, intelligent, lively, good natured. Family oriented, nonaggressive. Good with considerate children. Loves family activities.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Family or owner who enjoys grooming.

Needs:

Daily exercise (walk, fetching games); leash, socialization, housetraining; regular bathing, brushing, clipping, and grooming.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

2010-11-13T13:06:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, a descendant of European toy Spaniels, was a pet of aristocratic families during Tudor times. In the 1700s, King Charles II favored it so much it was given its royal name. The breed changed over the years until the 1920s, when an American fancier generated enough breeder interest to revive the original spaniel. The first Cavaliers were sent to America in 1952, but the AKC didn’t recognize the breed until 1996.

Size:

Small, 12 to 13 inches, 13 and 18 pounds.

Color:

Red and white, tricolor, black and tan, mahogany red.

Temperament:

Gentle, sweet, and easy to please. An affectionate, nonaggressive breed that is friendly with other dogs, pets, and strangers.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active seniors, families with considerate children.

Needs:

Exercise, regular grooming, and cuddling.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Chesapeake Bay Retriever

2010-11-13T13:05:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Chesapeake Bay Retriever’s history begins in 1807 in Maryland with the arrival of two Newfoundlands who were rescued from an English brig shipwrecked off the coast. Crossings with various retrievers and others eventually produced the Chessie, a breed that excels at retrieving waterfowl both on land and in water. The Chesapeake Bay Retriever’s reputation later spread beyond the Bay, and the AKC recognized the breed in 1885. The Chessie is a true working dog who requires a master who is a skilled trainer.

Size:

Large; females 21 to 24 inches, 55 to 70 pounds; males 23 to 26 inches, 65 to 80 pounds.

Color:

Brown, from straw to reddish sedge.

Temperament:

Hardy, intelligent, and active, with a love of water. Independent but eager to learn. Strong willed and protective; reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active owner, outdoorsy family with considerate children.

Needs:

Daily exercise (swims are preferred), early socialization, obedience training, fenced yard, weekly brushing of oily coat.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Chihuahua

2010-11-13T13:04:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Although much of the Chihuahua’s history is based on speculation, most believe that the tiniest of the toys descended from the Techichi, a dog ancient Aztecs used as companions and in religious ceremonies. The Chihuahua of today, both smooth- and long-coated varieties, differs from the native dog, perhaps due to breeding with dogs introduced by New World explorers. Thanks to its size and saucy personality, the Chihuahua is one of the most popular breeds in the U.S.

Size:

Tiny, 6 to 9 inches, less than 6 pounds.

Color:

Any color.

Temperament:

Lively, alert, and swift, with a Terrier-like sense of confidence and self-importance. Intense devotion is common. Some bark.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

A gentle person with time for daily companionship.

Needs:

Little exercise or grooming needed, but warmth is appreciated; urban living suits its minimal space requirements.

Life expectancy:

16 to 18 years.

Chinese Crested

2010-11-13T13:03:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

It’s no easy task to trace the origins of the Chinese Crested, but the breed appears to have evolved from African hairless dogs, which the Chinese bred down in size as early as the 13th century. Chinese Cresteds are thought to have sailed with Chinese mariners, serving as ratters during times of plague. By the late 1800s, a handful of American breeders had begun to popularize the Chinese Crested with dog show enthusiasts; the AKC recognized the breed in 1991.

Size:

Small, 11 to 13 inches, about 10 pounds.

Color:

Any color or combination of colors.

Temperament:

A devoted companion; alert, gentle, playful, and sensitive. Agreeable with dogs, other pets, and strangers.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Someone with dander allergies.

Needs:

Hairless varieties require regular skin care (including sun block) and protection from cold; dogs with a powder-puff coat require normal brushing.

Life expectancy:

15 to 16 years.

Chinese Shar-Pei

2010-11-13T13:02:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Chinese Shar-Pei goes back to ancient China, when the dogs were general farm dogs, used for hunting, herding, and guarding. The Chinese believed the breed’s characteristic scowl and black pigmented mouth would scare off evil spirits. Although most dogs were eliminated after China became communist, some Shar-Peis survived in other countries. American fanciers rescued the breed from extinction, and the breed is one of the most recognizable in the U.S.

Size:

Medium; 18 to 20 inches, 45 to 60 pounds.

Color:

Any solid color.

Temperament:

Dignified, sober, self-assured, self-possessed. Independent and stubborn. Devoted and protective; suspicious of strangers and aggressive with other dogs.

Energy level:

Low to moderate.

Best owner:

Confident owners with previous training experience.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise, training and socialization, weekly brushing, attention to ears and wrinkles, regular nail clipping.

Life expectancy:

8 to 12 years.

Chow Chow

2010-11-13T12:51:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Though its origins are unclear, the Chow Chow can be traced back to ancient China. An all-purpose working dog, the powerful and lionlike dog was used for guarding, hunting, and herding. The name Chow Chow was adopted after the breed was brought to England, and its popularity rose after Queen Victoria took an interest. Like the Shar-Pei, the Chow Chow is known for its blue/black tongue and makes an extremely protective and loyal companion.

Size:

Medium, 17 to 20 inches; females 50 to 65 pounds; males 60 to 75 pounds.

Color:

Red, black, blue, cinnamon, and cream.

Temperament:

Serious, independent, dignified; devoted to family, not demonstrative. Suspicious of strangers and aggressive with other dogs.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

Confident owner who doesn’t need a cuddly canine.

Needs:

Daily exercise (casual walks), low heat and humidity, socialization, firm training, daily brushing for rough coats and weekly for smooth coats (more when shedding).

Life expectancy:

8 to 12 years.

Clumber Spaniel

2010-11-13T12:50:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

One of the oldest of the Spaniels, the Clumber dates back to 18th-century France and counts the Basset Hound and the Alpine Spaniel among its ancestors. The breed was valued for its low build, quiet nature, and slow gait, which helped it approach game very closely. English nobility favored the breed and discouraged its popularity with commoners. Although the Clumber is one of the original nine breeds recognized by the AKC, it remains generally unknown to the public.

Size:

Medium; females 17 to 19 inches, 55 to 70 pounds; males 18 to 20 inches, 70 to 85 pounds.

Color:

White with lemon or orange markings.

Temperament:

Gentle, affectionate, and devoted; the most low key of the spaniels. Intelligent and independent; may be aloof with strangers.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Hunter, social family in suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long walk or leisurely hike), fenced yard, positive training, tolerance for shedding and drool, brushing two to three times a week.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Cockapoo

2010-11-13T12:49:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Bred since the 1950s, the Cockapoo is one of the older crossbreeds. Two types exist: the American Cockerpoo (Poodle crossed with American Cocker Spaniel) and English Cockapoo (Poodle crossed with English Cocker Spaniel). The cross varies in size, depending on the size of Poodle. Cockapoos may inherit the Poodle’s low-shedding, lowdander coat and the sweet disposition of the Cocker. The Cockapoo Club of America was founded to assist breeders.

Size:

Small, but ranges: Teacup, less than 6 pounds; Toy, less than 12 pounds; Miniature, 13 to 18 pounds; Maxi, more than 19 pounds.

Color:

All combinations of colors.

Temperament:

Affectionate, vigorous, loyal, friendly. Intelligent and trainable. Usually fine with children and other animals. People oriented; may bark if left alone.

Energy level:

Low to medium, but playful.

Best owner:

Active family.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, early socialization and training, daily brushing and combing plus professional grooming several times a year, regular ear care.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Cocker Spaniel

2010-11-13T12:46:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The American Cocker Spaniel is derived from the English Cocker Spaniel, which was brought to the United States in the late 1800s. Wanting a smaller dog for small game birds such as quail, breeders likely crossed the English Cocker and smaller dogs to produce the American version; the two varieties were separated into two breeds in 1946. Although few hunt with the Cocker today, the breed — one of the most popular of all time — is a favorite at shows and treasured as a pet.

Size:

Small, 24 to 28 pounds; females 14 inches; males 15 inches.

Color:

Solids — black, black and tan, silver, buff, red, chocolate, chocolate and tan; parti-color — black and white, red and white, chocolate and white, tricolor.

Temperament:

Merry, jovial, playful; a social dog who loves family. A true Sporting dog, but hunting instincts can be satisfied with a walk in the country. Some bark a lot.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Loving owner with a penchant for hair care.

Needs:

Daily exercise, a social life, almost daily brushing, clipping every month or so, special attention to eye and ear care.

Life expectancy:

10 to 14 years.

Collie (rough and smooth)

2010-11-13T12:45:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Long used as herding dogs in Scotland and England, the Collie became fashionable after Queen Victoria was smitten with the breed in 1860. Two varieties of Collie exist: rough coated and smooth, the smooth and rough varieties are identical in standard except for their coats. Settlers brought Collies to the U.S. to work sheep farms, and the breed continued its rise in popularity. Lassie, the most famous rough-coated Collie of all time, further solidified the breed’s place in popular history.

Size:

Medium to large; females 22 to 24 inches, 50 to 65 pounds; males 24 to 26 inches, 60 to 75 pounds.

Color:

Sable and white, tricolor, blue merle, and white.

Temperament:

Sensitive, intelligent, gentle, and mild mannered. A devoted family dog; especially good with children, but may nip at heels. Some bark when left alone.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active family.

Needs:

Daily exercise (herding is an excellent choice), close bonding with family, gentle handling, weekly brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 13 years

Curly-Coated Retriever

2010-11-13T12:44:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

One of the oldest of the Retrievers, the Curly-Coated Retriever is believed to have roots in such breeds as the English Water Spaniel, a smaller Newfoundland, and the Poodle, from which it gets its tightly curled coat. Developed in England to be a multipurpose hunting Retriever, the Curly is favored for its excellent field ability, endurance, and courage. Unsurpassed in the water, the Curly-Coated makes a fine family companion when challenged with exercise and activity.

Size:

Medium to large; 22 to 27 inches, 55 to 75 pounds.

Color:

Black or liver.

Temperament:

Eager, self-confident, and steadfast; determined in the field, sensitive at home. Independent; sometimes appears aloof or self-willed.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter or active, outdoorsy owner in suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (swimming and retrieving are best) and training to prevent boredom (and undesirable behaviors), fenced yard, companionship, and occasional combing.

Life expectancy:

8 to 12 years.

Dachshund

2010-11-13T12:43:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Developed hundreds of years ago in Germany, the Dachshund was bred to be a fearless, long-bodied dog who could dig a badger out of its burrow and kill it (the breed’s name means “badger dog” in German). The Dachshund has a sharp sense of smell and is an eager hunter, both above and below ground. One of the most popular AKC breeds, the friendly Dachshund comes in three different coat varieties (smooth, wirehaired, and longhaired) and can be miniature or standard size.

Size:

Small; miniature less than 11 pounds; standard usually between 16 and 32 pounds.

Color:

Sable, chocolate, black and tan, or chocolate and tan, all with or without brindling or merling.

Temperament:

Bold, curious, and courageous; toddlerlike and comical. Independent, but playful and family oriented; longhairs a good choice for families with children.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Confident owner with time for training.

Needs:

Daily exercise, regular grooming (varies with coat type), obedience training, precautions against back injuries, mindfulness about overeating.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Dalmatian

2010-11-13T12:42:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Dalmatian’s origin is a mystery, but we do know that the breed served as war dogs, sentinels, shepherds, ratters, retrievers, and even circus dogs. The Dalmatian found its true calling as a coach dog in Victorian England, protecting horses and adding a touch of style. When the auto arrived, the Dalmatian continued as a coach dog for horse-drawn fire engines. Movies with Dalmatians have spurred their popularity, but most people are unprepared for the training involved.

Size:

Medium to large; 19 to 23 inches, 45 to 60 pounds.

Color:

White with black or liver spots.

Temperament:

Outgoing, energetic; daily exercise ensures better manners. Good with children when raised with them. Reserved with strangers; can be aggressive with dogs.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily strenuous exercise, leash, fenced yard, consistent training, lots of attention and companionship, soft bedding, regular brushing.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Dandie Dinmont Terrier

2010-11-13T12:41:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Named after Dandie Dinmont, a character in Sir Walter Scott’s 1814 book Guy Mannering, the Dandie Dinmont Terrier is an interesting combination of unusual but dignified appearance and hunting prowess. Overflowing with confidence for such a small dog, the Dandie would take on otters, badgers, and foxes without hesitation. Although the Dandie has retained its strong hunting instincts, the breed has somewhat “retired,” instead serving as a loyal family pet and companion.

Size:

Medium to small; 8 to 11 inches, 18 to 24 pounds.

Color:

Pepper or mustard.

Temperament:

Intelligent, dignified, independent. Affectionate with family but reserved with strangers; aggressive toward strange dogs. Good with kids if raised with them. Bold, determined, a hunter in the field.

Energy level:

Moderately high.

Best owner:

Active, confident owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (walk or exploring in a safe area), leash, secure fencing (some will dig), obedience training, twice weekly brushing plus regular scissoring and shaping.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Doberman Pinscher

2010-11-13T12:39:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Doberman Pinscher, which originated in Germany around 1900, gets its name from Louis Dobermann, a tax collector who wanted a dog to accompany and protect him as he worked. The German Pinscher, Rottweiler, Black and Tan Terrier, and Weimaraner were probably used to develop the Doberman. Intelligence and ability makes it among the finest police dogs, guard dogs, and war dogs. A noted show dog, the Doberman has also become a beloved and loyal family pet.

Size:

Medium to large, 60 to 85 pounds; females 24 to 26 inches; males 26 to 28 inches.

Color:

Black, red, blue, or fawn, all with rust markings.

Temperament:

Energetic, watchful, and fearless. Loyal and intelligent. Reserved with strangers and may be aggressive with strange dogs.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner; a firm person who has time and energy for training.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise (vigorous runs, long walks, agility), indoor companionship.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Dogue de Bordeaux

2010-11-13T12:38:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Although the history of the Dogue de Bordeaux is steeped in mystery, it is generally agreed that the ancient breed shares its ancestry with Molossers such as Mastiffs and Bulldogs. The Dogue de Bordeaux was a prized hunter, fighter, and guardian, found in homes of wealthy French. The breed suffered setbacks during the French Revolution and World War II, but rebounded and realized its fame in the U.S. after one of its kind co-starred in the 1989 film Turner and Hooch.

Size:

Giant; females 23 to 26 inches, from 99 pounds; males 231/2 to 27 inches, from 110 pounds.

Color:

Shades of fawn to mahogany.

Temperament:

Gifted and courageous guardian, but not aggressive; loyal and affectionate. Can coexist with older children with supervision.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

Confident, active owner able to handle the breed’s size and strength.

Needs:

Extensive socialization, daily exercise, patient and positive obedience training.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

English Cocker Spaniel

2010-11-13T12:36:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The English Cocker Spaniel is one of the oldest land Spaniels, a descendant of the original spaniels of Spain. In the 1800s, the Spaniels were divided based on size and hunting ability. The English Cocker, a small land Spaniel, was used to hunt woodcock. Fanciers worked to differentiate the English Cocker from the American type that was gaining recognition; the two breeds were accepted as separate breeds in 1946. Today the English Cocker is an active Sporting dog and loyal companion.

Size:

Medium; females 15 to 16 inches, 26 to 32 pounds; males 16 to 17 inches, 28 to 34 pounds.

Color:

White with black, blue, liver, or red markings with roaning or ticking; solid black, liver, or red with or without tan markings.

Temperament:

Affectionate, cheerful, and devoted; sociable and likes its humans. More of a hunter than the American Cocker Spaniel and needs a bit more exercise.

Energy level:

High as a puppy, medium as matures.

Best owner:

Active, social person or family.

Needs:

Daily exercise, socialization, consistent brushing and combing, monthly clipping, special attention to eye and ear care, companionship.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

English Foxhound

2010-11-13T12:35:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Breeding records for the English Foxhound date back to the late 1700s in Great Britain, where the breed was developed to have great stamina and trailing skills. By the late 1800s, foxhunting had become extremely popular with the wealthy, who built up great fanfare around the hunts. The English Foxhound was brought to the U.S. and bred with other dogs to create the American Foxhound. Many people still regard the English Foxhound as the first choice when pursuing a traditional hunt.

Size:

Large, 24 to 26 inches; females 60 to 80 pounds; males 75 to 90 pounds.

Color:

Hound colors: black, tan, and white.

Temperament:

A pack Hound at heart; can be strong, stubborn, and independent. Amiable, gentle, tolerant. Reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active, patient owner in a rural or suburban house.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long leashed hikes) and activity to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors, fenced yard, consistent obedience training, companionship, occasional brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 13 years.

English Setter

2010-11-13T12:33:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

With a history going back 400 years, the English Setter is one of the oldest gundog breeds. Likely developed from Spaniels, the breed would find birds and crouch down or “set,” allowing the hunter to (before guns) throw a net over the catch. Breeders developed the English Setter into two types: the Laverack (show setters) and the Llewellin (field setters). An elegant and accomplished Sporting dog, the English Setter is also a fine show dog, agility competitor, therapy dog, and companion.

Size:

Medium to large; females 24 inches, 50 to 55 pounds; males 25 inches, 60 to 65 pounds.

Color:

Orange, blue, lemon, or liver belton (white background with colored flecks or roan shading), tricolor.

Temperament:

Athletic and energetic; a calm housedog with enough exercise. Gentle, affectionate, and laid back; exuberant, but good with children. Thrives on human contact, though not a good obedience student.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner or family with a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Vigorous daily exercise (hard runs), fenced yard, companionship, brushing every two to three days (with occasional clipping and trimming).

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

English Springer Spaniel

2010-11-13T12:32:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

English Springer Spaniels and Cocker Spaniels were originally born in the same litters, and not until 1902 did the English Kennel Club separate the breeds. English Springers, the larger of the two, were used in the field for flushing or “springing” animals in hiding. The Springer Spaniel continues to thrive, gaining popularity with hunters as a versatile, vigorous gundog who can both flush and retrieve game. Many consider the breed to be the ideal family canine companion.

Size:

Medium; females 19 inches, 40 pounds; males 20 inches, 50 pounds.

Color:

Black and white, liver and white, or tricolor; may have ticking.

Temperament:

Cheerful, playful, and energetic; affectionate and devoted to family. Good as a house pet if outlets for energy are provided.

Energy level:

Medium-high.

Best owner:

Active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise (hunting preferred, but obedience sessions and field outings will do), fenced yard, twice-weekly brushing plus clipping every couple months.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

English Toy Spaniel

2010-11-13T12:31:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Like its relative, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, the English Toy Spaniel was a beloved companion of royalty and families of privilege in Europe. Mary, Queen of Scots, is believed to have favored this spaniel; the story goes that one of the dogs even refused to leave her side at the scaffold. Though English Toy Spaniels are perfectly content as lapdogs, they retain their natural hunting instinct. The breed achieved AKC recognition in 1886.

Size:

Small, 10 to 11 inches, 8 to 14 pounds.

Color:

Red and white, tricolor, black and tan, mahogany red.

Temperament:

Not overly active, but bright and interested, willing to please. May be shy with strangers or in new situations.

Energy level:

Low.

Best owner:

Loving, calm owner who is open to plenty of lap time.

Needs:

Long coat needs brushing twice weekly.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Field Spaniel

2010-11-13T12:29:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Originating in England in the mid-1800s, the Field Spaniel shares its beginnings with the Cocker Spaniel but was deemed a separate breed in 1892. The long-eared Spaniel survived misdirected breeding efforts that nearly brought it to the point of extinction. Dedicated breeders revived the breed in the mid-1950s, honing not only its looks, but its hunting abilities. Though admired for its level headedness, the Field Spaniel remains one of the rarest breeds in the U.S.

Size:

Medium, 35 to 50 pounds; females 17 inches; males 18 inches.

Color:

Black, liver, golden liver, roan.

Temperament:

Cheerful, affectionate, fun loving, and willing to please. Independent, but happy to have human companionship and a job. May be reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter, active owner with training experience.

Needs:

Daily exercise, fenced yard, human companionship, inclusion in family activities, weekly brushing, tolerance of sloppiness (eating and drinking) and shedding.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Finnish Spitz

2010-11-13T12:29:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Originally known as the Finnish Cock-Eared Dog and the Finnish Barking Bird Dog, the Finnish Spitz excelled at hunting birds and small game; hunters relied on the vocal breed to alert them to prey. Although interbreeding threatened the breed’s survival, two Finnish sportsmen were able to salvage the “Finkie.” More of a companion in the U.S., the breed is still used for hunting in Finland. With its erect years and plumed tail, the Finnish Spitz resembles a lively red fox.

Size:

Medium; females 151/2 to 18 inches, 23 pounds; males 171/2 to 20 inches, 29 pounds.

Color:

Shades of golden red.

Temperament:

Active, lively, friendly, eager; good with children but often devoted to one person. Aloof with strangers, aggressive with strange dogs. Barks.

Energy level:

Moderate.

Best owner:

Active owner or hunter.

Needs:

Daily exercise, leash, fenced yard, human interaction, reward training, tolerance of barking, brushing twice a week (more when shedding).

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Flat-Coated Retriever

2010-11-13T12:27:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Flat-Coated Retriever’s history can be traced to the 1800s, to dogs who served fisherman by retrieving fish and objects from the cold waters of Newfoundland. Crosses with these Retrievers and British Setters and Pointers eventually led to the Flat-Coated, which had the skills of both water dogs and bird dogs. Originally suited for hard work in the field, the Flat-Coated is an enthusiastic competitor and family member.

Size:

Medium to large, 60 to 70 pounds; females 22 to 231/2 inches; males 23 to 241/2 inches.

Color:

Black, liver.

Temperament:

Lively, sweet, eager to please, outgoing, and playful; one of the most devoted breeds. Known for its ever-wagging tail.

Determined in the field, with a great desire to hunt.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter, athlete, or active family.

Needs:

Vigorous exercise and mental challenges (agility and obedience), fenced yard, early and consistent training, family bonding, occasional brushing and bathing.

Life expectancy:

10 years.

French Bulldog

2010-11-13T12:26:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The French Bulldog probably owes much of its good looks to the English Bulldog. English lacemakers fancied toy versions of the bulldogs, taking their dogs with them when they were displaced to France. With their small size and “bat ears,” the little bulldogs became popular; in the late 1800s, they became known as French Bulldogs. The clownish breed continues to be prized for its affectionate nature and even disposition.

Size:

Small; 11 to 14 inches, 20 to 28 pounds.

Color:

A variety — often brindle, cream, black-masked fawn, and pied.

Temperament:

Amiable, sweet, adaptable, well behaved. Affectionate and cuddly. Alert and active, but not boisterous or barky.

Energy level:

Moderate.

Best owner:

Senior citizen or family.

Needs:

Minimal daily exercise, leash, tolerance of drooling and snoring, cleaning of facial wrinkles, weekly brushing, low heat and humidity.

Life expectancy:

9 to 11 years.

German Pinscher

2010-11-13T12:25:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Although the German Pinscher resembles other Pinschers and the Doberman, it is more closely associated with the Standard Schnauzer. Traced to Germany in the 1600s, the German Pinscher was known as a hard-working ratter around stables. It faced extinction after World War II but was rescued by dedicated breeders. It was accepted into the Working Group of the AKC in 2003. These dogs are loyal, high-energy companions that retain natural hunting abilities and protective instincts.

Size:

Medium, 17 to 20 inches, 25 to 35 pounds.

Color:

Fawn to red to stag red; black and tan, blue and tan.

Temperament:

Alert, vivacious, and courageous; a guard dog with highly developed senses. Intelligent, independent, and playful.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner able to dole out consistent discipline; families with older children.

Needs:

Daily exercise (fenced yard or twicedaily walks), socialization, companionship, and obedience training.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

German Shepherd Dog

2010-11-13T12:23:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

The product of much development, the German Shepherd Dog is the result of breeder efforts to produce the ideal herder and guarder of flocks. The German Shepherd possesses it all: strength, dependability, intelligence, and courage. Off the farm, the breed was quick to prove itself a capable police and war dog, and later as a guide, search-and-rescue dog, and show dog. Thanks to movie stars such as Strongheart and Rin Tin Tin, the breed’s popularity soared in the 1920s and 1930s.

Size:

Large; females 22 to 24 inches, 60 to 70 pounds; males 24 to 26 inches, 75 to 95 pounds.

Color:

All colors except white; typically black and tan, sable, and black.

Temperament:

Direct, fearless, and protective but not hostile; suspicious of strangers. A poised, intelligent guardian. Devoted to family; dogs from well-bred lines are great with children.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Active, confident owner or family.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical challenges (exercise, play sessions, and learning), fenced yard, obedience, close human contact, lots of brushing (heavy shedder).

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

German Shorthaired Pointer

2010-11-13T12:22:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Various scent and track breeds were crossed to produce what became the German Shorthaired Pointer in the late 1800s. Proficient with trailing, retrieving, and pointing game of many varieties, the German Shorthaired Pointer eventually became known as an ideal all-purpose hunting dog. First recognized by the AKC in 1930, the breed remains a gifted hunter as well as a loyal, obedient companion.

Size:

Medium; females 21 to 23 inches, 45 to 60 pounds; males 23 to 25 inches, 55 to 70 pounds.

Color:

Liver, liver and white ticked, spotted or roan.

Temperament:

Intelligent, active, enthusiastic about hunting. Devoted, friendly, and willing to please. Playful and loving, but can be too boisterous for small children.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter or active family in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Consistent exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors, gentle training, fenced yard, minimal brushing.

Life expectancy:

14 to 16 years.

German Wirehaired Pointer

2010-11-13T12:21:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

With traces of Griffon, Pointer, German Shorthair, and Poodle, the German Wirehaired Pointer is an accomplished and versatile hunter. Able to withstand weather and water, the German Wirehaired can point and track game, retrieve waterfowl from water or land, and serve as a reliable guard dog. Recognized by the AKC in 1959, the breed enjoys moderate popularity in the United States, but not nearly as much as it has in its native Germany.

Size:

Medium to large; females smaller, but not less than 22 inches; males 24 to 26 inches.

Color:

Solid liver, liver and white; may have spots, roaning, and ticking.

Temperament:

Energetic, rugged, independent, and driven. Prone to boredom and destructiveness if not physically and mentally challenged. Loyal and affectionate; aloof and protective, but not unfriendly to strangers.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active, outdoor-oriented person.

Needs:

Regular exercise or a job to do, training, fenced yard, human companionship, minimal grooming.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Giant Schnauzer

2010-11-13T12:19:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

Developed in Germany, the Giant Schnauzer is joined in the Schnauzer breed by the Miniature and Standard Schnauzers. Through crossings with smooth-coated cattle dogs, sheepdogs, Great Danes, and probably others, the breed developed into a capable cattle and driving dog who could withstand varying weather conditions; butchers and breweries also used them as guard dogs. The intelligent dogs later excelled as trained police dogs during World War I.

Size:

Large; females 231/2 to 251/2 inches, 65 to 80 pounds; males 251/2 to 271/2 inches, 80 to 95 pounds.

Color:

Solid black or pepper and salt.

Temperament:

Bold and protective, reserved with strangers; playful and boisterous. Happy when working. May herd children or tend toward overprotective.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Confident and firm with time to dedicate to training and companionship.

Needs:

Daily exercise and play, obedience training, fenced yard; daily beard cleaning, weekly combing and professional shaping twice a year.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Glen of Imaal Terrier

2010-11-13T12:18:00.001-08:00

History/Evolution:

One of the four Terrier breeds native to Ireland, the Glen of Imaal Terrier was a working Terrier, able to survive in a difficult terrain and conditions. These tough canines not only hunted rats, foxes, and badgers, but they worked the turnspit at the hearth (a dog-powered rotisserie) and fought in the pits at night. Even though the breed’s numbers dwindled for a time, the Terrier’s charm and spirit ensured its survival into modern times.

Size:

Small to medium; 14 inches, 35 pounds.

Color:

Wheaten, blue, or brindle.

Temperament:

Spirited, inquisitive, and game for fun; ready for a chase. Docile and content with plenty of exercise. Good with older children; can be aggressive with other dogs.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner able to train a strong-willed dog.

Needs:

Daily exercise (brisk walk or off-lead romp in a secure area), leash, fenced yard, involvement in family activities, regular

combing as well as stripping twice a year.

Life expectancy:

10 to 15 years.

Goldador

2010-11-13T12:16:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

Two extremely popular breeds — the Labrador Retriever and the Golden Retriever — are crossed to get the Goldador, a large dog known for its good temperament and intelligence. Bred for its ability to serve as guide, search-and-rescue, and drug-detection dogs, the Goldador is increasingly popular as a social and trainable family dog. Generally healthy, the Goldador may be prone to eye disorders, as well as hip and elbow dysplasia.

Size:

Large; 22 to 24 inches, 60 to 80 pounds.

Color:

Usually yellow, but can be any shade of gold, red to yellow, and black.

Temperament:

Loving, devoted; family oriented, would rather not be alone. Intelligent and trainable. Good with children and other pets. Good watchdogs.

Energy level:

Moderately high.

Best owner:

Active family, someone interested in training a working dog.

Needs:

Physical and mental exercise (retrieving, swimming, work as therapy dog), leash, fenced yard, early socialization and obedience, regular brushing, care to prevent obesity.

Life expectancy:

10 to 14 years.

Golden Retriever

2010-11-13T12:14:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Golden Retriever was developed in Scotland in the late 1800s as a hunting dog. Lord Tweedmouth, who wanted a Retriever suited to the Scottish terrain and climate, is credited with the breed’s beginnings. The Golden’s popularity grew, and the breed was brought to the United States in the 1920s. Although the breed is still valued for its hunting abilities, its intelligence, beauty, and eager-to-please attitude has made it one of the top breeds in the U.S.

Size:

Medium; females 211/2 to 221/2 inches, 55 to 65 pounds; males 23 to 24 inches, 65 to 75 pounds.

Color:

All shades of gold, from pale to rich reddish gold.

Temperament:

Friendly, devoted, and obedient; eager to please as a family companion, with excellent rapport with children. Active and boisterous; needs exercise and activity.

Energy level:

Medium to high; field lines higher than show lines.

Best owner:

Active, social family in suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily physical and mental exercise (games, retrieving, obedience), human interaction, fenced yard, twice-weekly brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 14 years.

Goldendoodle

2010-11-13T12:09:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Goldendoodle is a relatively new mix, a cross between the Poodle and the Golden Retriever. Like the Labradoodle, the Goldendoodle may inherit the Poodle’s low-shedding, low-dander coat. Bred in different sizes, depending on the size of Poodle, the Goldendoodle is a larger alternative to the Cockapoo. The cross is the product of two intelligent breeds and is an able working dog, serving as a guide dog, sniffer, and therapy dog.

Size:

Varies: Miniature, up to 20 inches, 15 to 35 pounds; Medium Standard, 17 to 20 inches, 40 to 50 pounds; Large Standard, 20 to 24 inches, 50 to 80 pounds.

Color:

Usually golden, but with red and cream variations.

Temperament:

Gentle, eager to please, even tempered, friendly. Intelligent and highly trainable. People oriented, good with children. Disapproves of being alone.

Energy level:

Medium to high.

Best owner:

Active family in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (retrieving and swimming), leash, fenced yard, consistent training, combing every week or so, regular ear care.

Life expectancy:

10 to 15 years.

Gordon Setter

2010-11-13T12:06:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The Gordon Setter’s origins can be traced to the 17th century in Scotland; its name comes from the fourth Duke of Gordon, who kept many of the dogs at his castle. Known at times as the Gordon Castle Setter and the Black and Tan Setter, the breed is the heaviest of the three setters. Hunters favored the sturdy and muscular Gordon for its bird-setting and retrieving skills. Though not as popular a pet as the other setters, the Gordon is a lively and devoted companion that thrives on exercise and love.

Size:

Large; females 23 to 26 inches, 45 to 70 pounds; males 24 to 27 inches, 55 to 80 pounds.

Color:

Black with tan (mahogany or chestnut) markings.

Temperament:

Intelligent, fearless, and capable bird dog. Alert, energetic, and enthusiastic; devoted to family. Can get bored or frustrated without enough exercise and activity.

Energy level:

High, calmer when mature.

Best owner:

Athletic, confident owner.

Needs:

Daily exercise (a 3-mile walk plus a short run), fenced yard, firm and consistent obedience training, human interaction, daily brushing to prevent mats.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Great Dane

2010-11-13T12:05:00.000-08:00

History/Evolution:

The distinguished Great Dane’s origins can be traced to ancient crossings that included English Mastiff, Irish Wolfhound, and Greyhound. By the 14th century, Great Danes were prized in Germany as swift and powerful wild boar hunters. As time went on, the breed gained in popularity with wealthy landowners because of its imposing and noble appearance. Though their size can be limiting, Great Danes continue to impress show people and pet owners alike.

Size:

Giant; females 30 inches or more, 100 to 135 pounds; males 32 inches or more, 145 to 185 pounds.

Color:

Brindle, fawn, blue, black, mantle, and harlequin (white with black patches).

Temperament:

Spirited, courageous, friendly, and dependable. With proper training and supervision, makes a fine family companion.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Confident owner in a suburban or rural home with time for training and exercise.

Needs:

Fenced yard, early socialization, companionship; soft bedding and elevated food bowls (to help prevent bloat).

Life expectancy:

7 to 10 years.

Great Pyrenees

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History/Evolution:

The Great Pyrenees gets its name from the European mountain range where it has long guarded flocks of sheep, but its origins can be traced to Asia Minor around 10,000 BC. In medieval France, the imposing white dogs were prized by royalty and nobility. Although the Great Pyrenees has suffered setbacks, conscientious and focused breeding has allowed the breed to continue, achieving moderate popularity in the U.S. The Great Pyrenees achieved AKC recognition in 1933.

Size:

Giant; females 25 to 29 inches, 85 pounds; males 27 to 32 inches, 115 pounds.

Color:

White or white with markings of gray, badger, reddish brown, or tan, especially on the head.

Temperament:

Confident, territorial, and protective; affectionate, loyal, but reserved and serious. May try to dominate and wander off-leash, and tends to bark.

Energy level:

Low to medium.

Best owner:

Active owner with a large, fenced yard; someone strong enough to manage a giant, strong-minded dog.

Needs:

Early training and socialization, kind firmness, daily exercise, leashed outings, weekly brushing (more when shedding).

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog

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History/Evolution:

The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog is the largest and oldest of the Swiss Mountain Dogs native to Switzerland. With a heritage traced to Mastiff-type dogs that ancient Romans introduced to the area, the breed is a skilled herder, drafter, and guardian of home and livestock. Although machines have taken over many of its duties, the breed has enjoyed a slow but steady growth in interest as companions. In 1995 the breed achieved recognition by the AKC.

Size:

Giant; females 231/2 to 27 inches, 85 to 90 pounds; males 251/2 to 281/2 inches; 90 to 130 pounds.

Color:

Black and rust and white.

Temperament:

Faithful, sensitive, devoted family companion. Calm and easygoing, but territorial, alert, and vigilant.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Family with roomy, fenced yard.

Needs:

Moderate exercise, early socialization and training, an owner who is a leader; participant in family goings-on.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Greyhound

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History/Evolution:

With origins going back to ancient Egypt, the Greyhound is one of the oldest breeds known. Important breed developments were made in Great Britain when the Greyhound was kept and bred by royalty. The Greyhound pursued game by using both vision and speed, and was used to hunt deer, fox, and hare. Spanish explorers brought the breed to the U.S. in the 1500s; the AKC recognized the Greyhound in 1885. Today the Greyhound is regarded as a sweet and lively companion.

Size:

Large; females 60 to 65 pounds; males 65 to 70 pounds.

Color:

Immaterial.

Temperament:

Quiet, well mannered, and calm. Possesses independent Hound spirit, loves to chase. Can be timid and sensitive; reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

Medium to high, lower in dogs older than age 3.

Best owner:

Active owner in rural or suburban home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long leashed walks with sprints), fenced yard, patient training, soft bedding and warm surroundings, occasional brushing.

Life expectancy:

10 to 13 years.

Harrier

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History/Evolution:

Developed in England during the Middle Ages, the Harrier was bred to hunt hare in packs. The sturdy, large-boned breed was tireless and tough but not particularly fast, making it a good companion for hunters on foot. Harriers have been used in the United States for hunting since Colonial times. Though not ranked particularly high by the AKC, the Harrier serves as a family companion and fine competitor in tracking and agility.

Size:

Medium; 19 to 21 inches, 45 to 60 pounds; females slightly smaller than males.

Color:

Any.

Temperament:

Outgoing, intelligent, friendly; amiable, tolerant, good with children. Most reserved with strangers. Strong hunting instinct; easily bored.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter or active owner in a rural or suburban home.

Needs:

Daily exercise and activity, leash, tall and secure fencing, canine companionship, occasional grooming.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Havanese

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History/Evolution:

A descendant of breeds brought to Cuba from Spain, the Havanese is Cuba’s national dog. By the mid-18th century, the breed’s popularity included such notable companions as Queen Victoria and Charles Dickens. Some Cubans who left the country during the Cuban revolution brought their Havanese with them, and a handful ended up in the U.S. By the end of the 1970s, the breed was gaining popularity, and the AKC recognized it in 1996.

Size:

Small, 81/2 to 111/2 inches, 7 to 13 pounds.

Color:

All colors.

Temperament:

Busy, curious, trainable and intelligent; affectionate with all — animals and humans alike.

Energy level:

Medium.

Best owner:

Someone who wants a small dog who isn’t too yappy or too fragile for kids. Nonshedding coat is okay for people with allergies.

Needs:

Brushing every other day, exercise in the form of walks or play sessions.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Ibizan Hound

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History/Evolution:

The Ibizan Hound’s roots can be traced back to the days of ancient Egypt, when sea traders are believed to have brought Hounds to the island of Ibiza off the coast of Spain. A skilled runner and jumper, the Ibizan was used in packs to hunt rabbits in the rough terrain of its native land. The elegant Hound with amber eyes was brought to the U.S. in the mid-1950s. Though a rare breed, the Ibizan is a highly regarded competitor and makes an excellent family pet.

Size:

Large; females 221/2 to 26 inches, 45 pounds; males 231/2 inches to 271/2 inches, 50 pounds.

Color:

White or red, solid or in combination.

Temperament:

Even tempered, affectionate, loyal; intelligent and trainable. Aloof with strangers; some can be timid. Good with children and other pets.

Energy level:

Moderate to high.

Best owner:

Active owner in a rural or suburban home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long walks with chances for sprints), tall fences, warm surroundings and soft bedding, occasional brushing (weekly for wire coat).

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Irish Red and White Setter

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History/Evolution:

Although the Irish Red and White Setter is rare in the U.S., recognized by the AKC only in 2007, the breed has a long history that began in 17th-century Ireland. A valuable hunting dog and companion, the breed was known for its power and skill in the field. Thought to be the older of the two Irish Setters, the Red and White’s popularity was eclipsed by that of the solid-red Irish Setter. It faced extinction by the end of the 1800s, but devotees revived the breed in the early part of the 1900s.

Size:

Large, 50 to 75 pounds; females 221/2 to 24 inches; males 241/2 to 26 inches.

Color:

White with solid red patches.

Temperament:

Friendly, spirited, determined; can be high strung without proper exercise. Good with children.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter, active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily exercise (long walks or off-leash runs); fenced yard; early, firm, and consistent training; brushing two to three times a week.

Life expectancy:

11 to 15 years.

Irish Setter

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History/Evolution:

A probable blend of spaniels, pointers, and other setters, the Irish Setter was developed by Irish hunters who needed a skilled bird-setting and retrieving dog large enough to be seen from a distance. Originally bred as red and white, the solid red of the Irish Setter gained favor in the 1800s. The breed’s elegant, striking looks have made it a champion in the show ring; its good-natured attitude and clownish personality have made it a beloved companion.

Size:

Large; females 25 inches, 60 pounds; males 27 inches, 70 pounds.

Color:

Mahogany or chestnut red.

Temperament:

Tireless hunter and an amiable companion if exercised enough. Rollicking personality, full of gusto, eager to please. Good with children, but may be a bit rambunctious for toddlers.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Active owner or family in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Lots of exercise (minimum one hour of exertion a day), a social life, brushing every two to three days, consistent and gentle training methods, fenced yard.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.

Irish Terrier

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History/Evolution:

Though the Irish Terrier’s origins are uncertain, clues have led some to believe that the old Black and Tan Terrier and the Irish Wolfhound may have contributed to this long-legged Irish breed. Black and tan, gray, and brindle were once common colors, but the solid red became standard in the late 1800s. A bold, courageous, and intelligent breed, the Irish Terrier was used as a messenger and sentinel during World War I. The breed is uncommon today.

Size:

Medium; 18 to 20 inches, 25 to 27 pounds.

Color:

Shades of red or wheaten.

Temperament:

Assertive, brash, playful, independent; Affectionate, loyal, protective of family; usually good with children but reserved with strangers. Aggressive toward other animals.

Energy level:

High outdoors but calm indoors.

Best owner:

Active owner in a suburban or rural home.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise (hiking, hunting, agility); leash; fenced yard; early, firm, and obedience training; twice weekly combing plus shaping twice a year.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Irish Water Spaniel

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History/Evolution:

The largest Spaniel, the Irish Water is an interesting blend of several dogs: a Poodle-like coat, a Retriever’s fetching instincts, a Spaniel’s affectionate nature, and a Sporting dog’s love of water. The Irish Water Spaniel has a smooth face framed with curls and its body covered in dense, water-repellent ringlets, ending with a signature “rat tail.” An adept water retriever, the breed entered the American and British show rings in the late 1800s. Though popular for a time, the Irish Water Spaniel is relatively rare these days.

Size:

Medium; females 21 to 23 inches, 45 to 58 pounds; males 22 to 24 inches, 55 to 65 pounds.

Color:

Liver.

Temperament:

Energetic, enthusiastic, even clownish. Can be independent and stubborn; needs patient, firm training. Alert and inquisitive; reserved with strangers.

Energy level:

High as puppy.

Best owner:

Hunter, outdoorsy type.

Needs:

Daily mental and physical exercise (runs, strenuous play, obedience sessions), brushing and combing two times a week, scissoring every few months.

Life expectancy:

10 to 12 years.

Irish Wolfhound

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History/Evolution:

An ancient breed, the Irish Wolfhound can be found in records dating back to AD 391, when royal gifts of the giant hunters were made to Rome. Irish Wolfhounds fought with their masters, guarded castles, and hunted wolves and elk, nearly to the point that the dogs’ own existence was at risk. Breeders restored the Irish Wolfhound in the 1800s. Potential owners must consider the amount of space and attention required to keep the Irish Wolfhound happy and healthy.

Size:

Large; females 30-plus inches, 105 pounds; males 32-plus inches, 120 pounds.

Color:

Gray, brindle, red, black, white, and fawn.

Temperament:

Gentle, easygoing, patient, sweet. Good with children and pets; friendly with strangers. Can be stubborn and may be sensitive to harsh training methods.

Energy level:

Low, unless in pursuit of game.

Best owner:

Owner with a spacious home.

Needs:

Daily exercise, fenced yard, ample room indoors, soft bedding, attention and companionship, weekly brushing and occasional scissoring.

Life expectancy:

5 to 7 years.

Italian Greyhound

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History/Evolution:

The smallest of the sighthounds, the Italian Greyhound is believed to have originated more than 2,000 years ago in the Mediterranean basin. During the 16th century, the breed was in high demand in Italy and came to be known as the Italian Greyhound. Its appeal spread through Europe, and the breed was often depicted in Renaissance paintings. A true greyhound, the Italian Greyhound is as skilled at hunting as it is comfortable as a lapdog and companion.

Size:

Small to medium, 13 to 15 inches, 8 to 12 pounds.

Color:

Any color, but no brindle markings or the tan markings normally found on black-and-tan dogs of other breeds.

Temperament:

Gentle, sensitive, and timid with strangers but devoted to its family; like its sighthound relatives, likes to run and chase.

Energy level:

High, but mellows with age.

Best owner:

Family with gentle children, owners who can give daily exercise and plenty of attention.

Needs:

Daily exercise, sprints in a fenced area, regular brushing of teeth.

Life expectancy:

13 to 15 years.

Vizsla

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History/Evolution:

The Vizsla’s history can be traced to Hungary in the Middle Ages. The country was rich in game, and the Vizsla’s superior nose, speed, and hunting ability met the needs of the hunters. The breed excelled at both pointing and retrieving and was a favorite of barons and warlords by the 1700s. Although the Vizsla’s numbers declined by the end of the World Wars, devotees worked to reestablish the breed; the AKC recognized the Vizsla in 1960.

Size:

Medium, 45 to 65 pounds; females 21 to 23 inches; males 22 to 24 inches.

Color:

Golden rust.

Temperament:

Lively, active, highly trainable; a natural hunter. Gentle, affectionate. Welldeveloped protective instinct. Can be frustrated and destructive without enough exercise.

Energy level:

High.

Best owner:

Hunter, athlete, or active family in suburbs or country.

Needs:

Strenuous daily exercise (long runs), fenced yard, lots of outdoor activity with its family, regular brushing to control shedding.

Life expectancy:

12 to 15 years.

Japanese Chin

2010-10-16T13:30:00.000-07:00

History/Evolution:

The Japanese Chin originated in China, where it was prized by the aristocracy. The Chin eventually moved to Japan via a royal gift. In 1853, Commodore Perry brought the first of the breed to Europe in 1853 as a gift to Queen Victoria. The Chin made its way to the U.S., although the supply was temporarily cut off during World War I. Playful and entertaining, the Chin has enjoyed some popularity in the United States, but most of its devotees are in Japan.

Size:

Tiny, 8 to 11 inches, 4 to 7 pounds.

Color:

Black and white, red and white, black and white with tan points.

Temperament:

Sensitive, intelligent, and willing to please. Devoted dogs who will follow their owners anywhere.

Energy level:

Adaptable.

Best owner:

Seniors or invalids interested in close companionship.

Needs:

Sensitive to heat and humidity — air conditioning a must. Prolific shedders requiring twice-weekly combing. Suited to apartment living.

Life expectancy:

12 to 14 years.